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Python Pandas - Timedelta

Timedelta in Pandas represents a duration, or the difference between two dates or times, expressed in units such as days, hours, minutes, or seconds. They are useful for performing arithmetic operations on datetime objects and can be both positive and negative duration's.

The pandas.Timedelta class is a powerful tool to represent a duration or the difference between two dates or times. It is equivalent of Python's datetime.timedelta object and can be used interchangeably in most cases.

Following is the syntax of the class −

class pandas.Timedelta(value=<object object>, unit=None, **kwargs)

Where,

• value − Accepts the any of the following time object: Timedelta, timedelta, np.timedelta64, str, or int.

• unit − It is a optional parameter specifies the unit of the input if the input is an integer. Supported units include: 'W', 'D', 'days', 'hours', 'minutes', 'seconds', 'milliseconds', 'microseconds', 'nanoseconds'.

• **kwargs − Accepts keyword arguments like days, seconds, microseconds, milliseconds, minutes, hours, and weeks.

Following is the basic example of creating the Timedelta object.

import pandas as pd

# Initialize Timedelta with value and unit
td = pd.Timedelta(1, "d")
print(td)
print('Data Type of the Resultant Object:',type(td))

Following is the output of the above code −

1 days 00:00:00
Data Type of the Resultant Object: <class 'pandas._libs.tslibs.timedeltas.Timedelta'>

Also, you can create Timedelta objects in various ways, such as by passing a string, integer, or by using data offsets. Additionally, Pandas provides a top-level function to_timedelta() to convert scalar, array, list, or series into Timedelta type.

You can create a Timedelta object by passing a string that represents a duration.

Here is the example of creating the Timedelta object using the string.

import pandas as pd

print(pd.Timedelta('2 days 2 hours 15 minutes 30 seconds'))

Its output is as follows −

2 days 02:15:30

By passing an integer value with the unit, an argument creates a Timedelta object.

This example converts an integer into the Timedelta object.

import pandas as pd

print(pd.Timedelta(6,unit='h'))

Its output is as follows −

0 days 06:00:00

Data offsets such as - weeks, days, hours, minutes, seconds, milliseconds, microseconds, nanoseconds can also be used in construction.

Here is the example −

import pandas as pd

print(pd.Timedelta(days=2))

Its output is as follows −

Creating Timedelta with an Integer
2 days 00:00:00

The pd.to_timedelta function converts a scalar, array, list, or series from a recognized timedelta format or value into a Timedelta type. It will construct a Series if the input is a Series, a scalar if the input is scalar-like, or a TimedeltaIndex otherwise.

import pandas as pd

print(pd.Timedelta(days=2))

Its output is as follows −

2 days 00:00:00

You can perform arithmetic operations on Series or DataFrames containing datetime64[ns] and timedelta64[ns] data types.

Let us now create a DataFrame with Timedelta and datetime objects and perform Addition operation on it −

import pandas as pd

s = pd.Series(pd.date_range('2012-1-1', periods=3, freq='D'))
td = pd.Series([ pd.Timedelta(days=i) for i in range(3) ])
df = pd.DataFrame(dict(A = s, B = td))
df['C']=df['A']+df['B']

print(df)

Its output is as follows −

           A      B          C
0 2012-01-01 0 days 2012-01-01
1 2012-01-02 1 days 2012-01-03
2 2012-01-03 2 days 2012-01-05

Here is the example of subtracting the Timedelta values.

import pandas as pd

s = pd.Series(pd.date_range('2012-1-1', periods=3, freq='D'))
td = pd.Series([ pd.Timedelta(days=i) for i in range(3) ])
df = pd.DataFrame(dict(A = s, B = td))
df['C']=df['A']+df['B']
df['D']=df['C']-df['B']

print(df)

Its output is as follows −

           A      B          C          D
0 2012-01-01 0 days 2012-01-01 2012-01-01
1 2012-01-02 1 days 2012-01-03 2012-01-04
2 2012-01-03 2 days 2012-01-05 2012-01-07

The Timedelta object provides various properties and methods that are useful in date-time manipulation.

Following are the list of attributes of the Timedelta object.

Timedelta.asm8

Return a numpy timedelta64 array scalar view.

Timedelta.components

Return a components namedtuple-like.

Timedelta.days

Returns the days of the timedelta.

Timedelta.max

Return the maximum timedelta object.

Timedelta.microseconds

Return the microseconds of the timedelta.

Timedelta.min

Return the minimum timedelta object.

Timedelta.nanoseconds

Return the number of nanoseconds (n), where 0 <= n < 1 microsecond.

Timedelta.resolution

Return the resolution of the timedelta.

Timedelta.seconds

Return the total hours, minutes, and seconds of the timedelta as seconds.

Timedelta.unit

Return the unit of the timedelta.

Timedelta.value

Return the underlying value of the timedelta in nanoseconds.

In the following table you can found the list of method of the Timedelta object.

Timedelta.as_unit(unit[, round_ok])

Convert the underlying int64 representation to the given unit.

Timedelta.ceil(freq)

Return a new Timedelta ceiled to this resolution.

Timedelta.floor(freq)

Return a new Timedelta floored to this resolution.

Timedelta.isoformat()

Format the Timedelta as ISO 8601 Duration.

Timedelta.round(freq)

Round the Timedelta to the specified resolution.

Timedelta.to_pytimedelta()

Convert a pandas Timedelta object into a python datetime.timedelta object.

Timedelta.to_timedelta64()

Return a numpy.timedelta64 object with 'ns' precision.

Timedelta.to_numpy([dtype, copy])

Convert the Timedelta to a NumPy timedelta64.

Timedelta.total_seconds()

Return the total seconds in the duration.

Timedelta.view(dtype)

Array view compatibility.

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