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Java - Built-in Exceptions

Java defines several exception classes inside the standard package java.lang.

The most general of these exceptions are subclasses of the standard type RuntimeException. Since java.lang is implicitly imported into all Java programs, most exceptions derived from RuntimeException are automatically available.

Built-in Exceptions in Java are categorized into two categories Checked Exceptions and Unchecked Exceptions.

• Checked Exceptions: The checked exceptions are handled by the programmer during writing the code, they can be handled using the try-catch block. These exceptions are checked at compile-time.
• Unchecked Exceptions: The unchecked exceptions are not handled by the programmer. These exceptions are thrown on run-time. Some of the unchecked exceptions are NullPointerException, ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException, ArithmeticException, etc.

Java defines several other types of exceptions that relate to its various class libraries. Following is the list of Java Unchecked and Checked RuntimeException.

ArithmeticException

Arithmetic error, such as divide-by-zero.

ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException

Array index is out-of-bounds.

ArrayStoreException

Assignment to an array element of an incompatible type.

ClassCastException

Invalid cast.

IllegalArgumentException

Illegal argument used to invoke a method.

IllegalMonitorStateException

Illegal monitor operation, such as waiting on an unlocked thread.

IllegalStateException

Environment or application is in incorrect state.

IllegalThreadStateException

Requested operation not compatible with the current thread state.

IndexOutOfBoundsException

Some type of index is out-of-bounds.

NegativeArraySizeException

Array created with a negative size.

NullPointerException

Invalid use of a null reference.

NumberFormatException

Invalid conversion of a string to a numeric format.

SecurityException

Attempt to violate security.

StringIndexOutOfBounds

Attempt to index outside the bounds of a string.

UnsupportedOperationException

An unsupported operation was encountered.

ClassNotFoundException

Class not found.

CloneNotSupportedException

Attempt to clone an object that does not implement the Cloneable interface.

IllegalAccessException

Access to a class is denied.

InstantiationException

Attempt to create an object of an abstract class or interface.

InterruptedException

One thread has been interrupted by another thread.

NoSuchFieldException

A requested field does not exist.

NoSuchMethodException

A requested method does not exist.

In this example, we're creating an error by dividing a value by 0. In this case, an unchecked exception will be raised. Being unchecked, compiler won't complain and program will compile successfully. Once program runs, the exception will be thrown and JVM will intercepts the same and terminate the program before printing the last statement.

package com.tutorialspoint;

public class ExcepTest {

   public static void main(String args[]) {
        
      int b = 0;
      int c = 1/b;
      System.out.println("c :" + c);
   }
}

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero
	at com.tutorialspoint.ExcepTest.main(ExcepTest.java:8)

In this example, we're handling unchecked exception. As first step, we're generating an error by dividing a value by 0. In this case, an unchecked exception will be raised. We're handling via ArithmeticException. Once program runs, the exception will be thrown and catch block will intercepts the same and print the last statement.

package com.tutorialspoint;

public class ExcepTest {

   public static void main(String args[]) {
      try {
         int b = 0;
         int c = 1/b;
         System.out.println("c :" + c);
      }
      catch (ArithmeticException e) {
         System.out.println("Exception thrown  :" + e);
      }
      System.out.println("Out of the block");
   }
}

Exception thrown  :java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero
Out of the block

In this example, we're showcasing that a checked exception is to be handled by code otherwise compiler will complain. Whenever a method throws a checked exception, it has to either handle the exception or declare throws exception statement as we're doing for getName() method. When we try to run the method, JVM complains the compilation problem as shown in output listed below:

package com.tutorialspoint;

public class ExcepTest {

   public static void main(String args[]) {
      ExcepTest excepTest = new ExcepTest();
      excepTest.getName();
   }
   
   private String getName() throws NoSuchMethodException {
	   throw new NoSuchMethodException();
   }
}

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.Error: Unresolved compilation problem: 
    Unhandled exception type NoSuchMethodException

    at com.tutorialspoint.ExcepTest.main(ExcepTest.java:7)

java_exceptions.htm

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