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Showing content from https://www.tutorialspoint.com/cpp_standard_library/cpp_ios_fill.htm below:

C++ IOS::fill() function

The C++ std:ios::fill() function is used to set the character that fills the unused spaces when formatted output operations are performed. It is useful when aligning text in output streams, ensuring consistent spacing.

By default, the fill character is a space, but it can be customized by using the fill().

Following is the syntax for std::ios::fill() function.

char fill() const;
char fill (char fillch);

• fillch − It indicates the new fill character.

It returns the value of the fill character before the call.

If an exception is thrown, the stream is in a valid state.

Accesses or modifies the stream object.

Concurrent access to the same stream object may cause data races.

In the following example, we are going to consider the basic usage of the fill() function.

#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
int main()
{
    std::cout << "Default Fill: ";
    std::cout << std::setw(5) << 123 << std::endl;
    std::cout << "Custom Fill: ";
    std::cout.fill('*');
    std::cout << std::setw(6) << 121 << std::endl;
    return 0;
}

Output of the above code is as follows −

Default Fill:   123
Custom Fill: ***121

Consider the following example, where we are going to fill it with different characters.

#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
int main()
{
    std::cout.fill('*');
    std::cout << std::setw(9) << 111 << std::endl;
    std::cout.fill('^');
    std::cout << std::setw(7) << 222 << std::endl;
    std::cout.fill('-');
    std::cout << std::setw(5) << 333 << std::endl;
    return 0;
}

Following is the output of the above code −

******111
^^^^222
--333

Let's look at the following example, where we are going to use the fill() with the string.

#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
int main()
{
    std::string a = "TutorialsPoint";
    std::cout << "Default Fill: " << std::setw(17) << a << std::endl;
    std::cout.fill('*');
    std::cout << "Custom Fill: " << std::setw(17) << a << std::endl;
    return 0;
}

If we run the above code it will generate the following output −

Default Fill:    TutorialsPoint
Custom Fill: ***TutorialsPoint

ios.htm

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