This volume explores new expressions of European self-understanding in a way that challenges previous conceptions, which have been dominated by the dichotomous ideas of West and East and the more recent post-Cold War ideological notions of the ‘clash of civilizations’, the ‘end of history’, the ‘new world order’ and the ‘axis of evil’. The idea of the West as an ideological, cultural and geopolitical construct is becoming increasingly irrelevant to the current political situation as far as Europe and Asia are concerned. The West is no longer the main site of cultural and political defence or of community. With the spread of Western civilization throughout the world, that civilization has ceased to be Western, but has become globalized. 1 It has also ceased to be specifically European. One of the consequences of the globalization of Western civilization is that there is nothing essentially distinctive about the West in a cultural sense. Christianity, itself divided between the Latin and Orthodox traditions, is no longer the cultural marker of the secular societies in Europe today. 2 As a geopolitical entity the West is no longer as homogeneous as it was for much of the second half of the previous century (see Bonnett 2004). Capitalism and democracy are also now global forces and exist in a huge variety of forms throughout the world. Europe, American and the West have become disentangled.
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