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键盘操作 | Selenium

键盘操作

一种适用于任何与网页交互的按键输入设备的表现形式.

只有 2 个操作可以使用键盘完成: 按下某个键，以及释放一个按下的键. 除了支持 ASCII 字符外，每个键盘按键还具有可以按特定顺序按下或释放的表现形式.

按键

除了由常规unicode表示的按键，其他键盘按键被分配了一些unicode值以用于操作Selenium 每种语言都有自己的方式来援引这些按键; 这里可以找到完整列表

按下按键

        new Actions(driver)
                .keyDown(Keys.SHIFT)
                .sendKeys("a")
                .perform();

/examples/java/src/test/java/dev/selenium/actions_api/KeysTest.java

package dev.selenium.actions_api;

import dev.selenium.BaseChromeTest;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.Keys;
import org.openqa.selenium.Platform;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions;

public class KeysTest extends BaseChromeTest {
    @Test
    public void keyDown() {
        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html");

        new Actions(driver)
                .keyDown(Keys.SHIFT)
                .sendKeys("a")
                .perform();

        WebElement textField = driver.findElement(By.id("textInput"));
        Assertions.assertEquals("A", textField.getAttribute("value"));
    }

    @Test
    public void keyUp() {
        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html");

        new Actions(driver)
                .keyDown(Keys.SHIFT)
                .sendKeys("a")
                .keyUp(Keys.SHIFT)
                .sendKeys("b")
                .perform();

        WebElement textField = driver.findElement(By.id("textInput"));
        Assertions.assertEquals("Ab", textField.getAttribute("value"));
    }

    @Test
    public void sendKeysToActiveElement() {
        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html");

        new Actions(driver)
                .sendKeys("abc")
                .perform();

        WebElement textField = driver.findElement(By.id("textInput"));
        Assertions.assertEquals("abc", textField.getAttribute("value"));
    }

    @Test
    public void sendKeysToDesignatedElement() {
        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html");
        driver.findElement(By.tagName("body")).click();

        WebElement textField = driver.findElement(By.id("textInput"));
        new Actions(driver)
                .sendKeys(textField, "Selenium!")
                .perform();

        Assertions.assertEquals("Selenium!", textField.getAttribute("value"));
    }

    @Test
    public void copyAndPaste() {
        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html");

        Keys cmdCtrl = Platform.getCurrent().is(Platform.MAC) ? Keys.COMMAND : Keys.CONTROL;

        WebElement textField = driver.findElement(By.id("textInput"));
        new Actions(driver)
                .sendKeys(textField, "Selenium!")
                .sendKeys(Keys.ARROW_LEFT)
                .keyDown(Keys.SHIFT)
                .sendKeys(Keys.ARROW_UP)
                .keyUp(Keys.SHIFT)
                .keyDown(cmdCtrl)
                .sendKeys("xvv")
                .keyUp(cmdCtrl)
                .perform();

        Assertions.assertEquals("SeleniumSelenium!", textField.getAttribute("value"));
    }
}

    ActionChains(driver)\
        .key_down(Keys.SHIFT)\
        .send_keys("abc")\
        .perform()

/examples/python/tests/actions_api/test_keys.py

import sys

from selenium.webdriver import Keys, ActionChains
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By


def test_key_down(driver):
    driver.get('https://selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html')

    ActionChains(driver)\
        .key_down(Keys.SHIFT)\
        .send_keys("abc")\
        .perform()

    assert driver.find_element(By.ID, "textInput").get_attribute('value') == "ABC"


def test_key_up(driver):
    driver.get('https://selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html')

    ActionChains(driver)\
        .key_down(Keys.SHIFT)\
        .send_keys("a")\
        .key_up(Keys.SHIFT)\
        .send_keys("b")\
        .perform()

    assert driver.find_element(By.ID, "textInput").get_attribute('value') == "Ab"


def test_send_keys_to_active_element(driver):
    driver.get('https://selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html')

    ActionChains(driver)\
        .send_keys("abc")\
        .perform()

    assert driver.find_element(By.ID, "textInput").get_attribute('value') == "abc"


def test_send_keys_to_designated_element(driver):
    driver.get('https://selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html')
    driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, "body").click()

    text_input = driver.find_element(By.ID, "textInput")
    ActionChains(driver)\
        .send_keys_to_element(text_input, "abc")\
        .perform()

    assert driver.find_element(By.ID, "textInput").get_attribute('value') == "abc"


def test_copy_and_paste(firefox_driver):
    driver = firefox_driver
    driver.get('https://selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html')
    cmd_ctrl = Keys.COMMAND if sys.platform == 'darwin' else Keys.CONTROL

    ActionChains(driver)\
        .send_keys("Selenium!")\
        .send_keys(Keys.ARROW_LEFT)\
        .key_down(Keys.SHIFT)\
        .send_keys(Keys.ARROW_UP)\
        .key_up(Keys.SHIFT)\
        .key_down(cmd_ctrl)\
        .send_keys("xvv")\
        .key_up(cmd_ctrl)\
        .perform()

    assert driver.find_element(By.ID, "textInput").get_attribute('value') == "SeleniumSelenium!"

                .KeyDown(Keys.Shift)
                .SendKeys("a")
                .Perform();

/examples/dotnet/SeleniumDocs/ActionsAPI/KeysTest.cs

using System;
using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;
using OpenQA.Selenium;
using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions;

namespace SeleniumDocs.ActionsAPI
{
    [TestClass]
    public class KeysTest : BaseFirefoxTest
    {
        [TestMethod]
        public void KeyDown()
        {
            driver.Url = "https://selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html";

            new Actions(driver)
                .KeyDown(Keys.Shift)
                .SendKeys("a")
                .Perform();

            IWebElement textField = driver.FindElement(By.Id("textInput"));
            Assert.AreEqual("A", textField.GetAttribute("value"));
        }

        [TestMethod]
        public void KeyUp()
        {
            driver.Url = "https://selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html";

            new Actions(driver)
                .KeyDown(Keys.Shift)
                .SendKeys("a")
                .KeyUp(Keys.Shift)
                .SendKeys("b")
                .Perform();

            IWebElement textField = driver.FindElement(By.Id("textInput"));
            Assert.AreEqual("Ab", textField.GetAttribute("value"));
        }
        
        [TestMethod]
        public void SendKeysToActiveElement()
        {
            driver.Url = "https://selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html";

            new Actions(driver)
                .SendKeys("abc")
                .Perform();

            IWebElement textField = driver.FindElement(By.Id("textInput"));
            Assert.AreEqual("abc", textField.GetAttribute("value"));
        }
        
        [TestMethod]
        public void SendKeysToDesignatedElement()
        {
            driver.Url = "https://selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html";
            driver.FindElement(By.TagName("body")).Click();
            
            IWebElement textField = driver.FindElement(By.Id("textInput"));
            new Actions(driver)
                .SendKeys(textField, "abc")
                .Perform();

            Assert.AreEqual("abc", textField.GetAttribute("value"));
        }

        [TestMethod]
        public void CopyAndPaste()
        {
            driver.Url = "https://selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html";

            var capabilities = ((WebDriver)driver).Capabilities;
            String platformName = (string)capabilities.GetCapability("platformName");

            String cmdCtrl = platformName.Contains("mac") ? Keys.Command : Keys.Control;

            new Actions(driver)
                .SendKeys("Selenium!")
                .SendKeys(Keys.ArrowLeft)
                .KeyDown(Keys.Shift)
                .SendKeys(Keys.ArrowUp)
                .KeyUp(Keys.Shift)
                .KeyDown(cmdCtrl)
                .SendKeys("xvv")
                .KeyUp(cmdCtrl)
                .Perform();

            IWebElement textField = driver.FindElement(By.Id("textInput"));
            Assert.AreEqual("SeleniumSelenium!", textField.GetAttribute("value"));
        }
    }
}

    driver.action
          .key_down(:shift)
          .send_keys('a')
          .perform

/examples/ruby/spec/actions_api/keys_spec.rb

# frozen_string_literal: true

require 'spec_helper'

RSpec.describe 'Keys' do
  let(:driver) { start_session }
  let(:wait) { Selenium::WebDriver::Wait.new(timeout: 2) }

  it 'key down' do
    driver.get 'https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html'
    wait.until { driver.find_element(id: 'textInput').attribute('autofocus') }

    driver.action
          .key_down(:shift)
          .send_keys('a')
          .perform

    expect(driver.find_element(id: 'textInput').attribute('value')).to eq 'A'
  end

  it 'key up' do
    driver.get 'https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html'
    wait.until { driver.find_element(id: 'textInput').attribute('autofocus') }

    driver.action
          .key_down(:shift)
          .send_keys('a')
          .key_up(:shift)
          .send_keys('b')
          .perform

    expect(driver.find_element(id: 'textInput').attribute('value')).to eq 'Ab'
  end

  it 'sends keys to active element' do
    driver.get 'https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html'
    wait.until { driver.find_element(id: 'textInput').attribute('autofocus') }

    driver.action
          .send_keys('abc')
          .perform

    expect(driver.find_element(id: 'textInput').attribute('value')).to eq 'abc'
  end

  it 'sends keys to designated element' do
    driver.get 'https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html'
    driver.find_element(tag_name: 'body').click
    wait.until { driver.find_element(id: 'textInput').attribute('autofocus') }

    text_field = driver.find_element(id: 'textInput')
    driver.action
          .send_keys(text_field, 'Selenium!')
          .perform

    expect(text_field.attribute('value')).to eq 'Selenium!'
  end

  it 'copy and paste' do
    driver.get 'https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html'
    wait.until { driver.find_element(id: 'textInput').attribute('autofocus') }

    cmd_ctrl = driver.capabilities.platform_name.include?('mac') ? :command : :control
    driver.action
          .send_keys('Selenium!')
          .send_keys(:arrow_left)
          .key_down(:shift)
          .send_keys(:arrow_up)
          .key_up(:shift)
          .key_down(cmd_ctrl)
          .send_keys('xvv')
          .key_up(cmd_ctrl)
          .perform

    expect(driver.find_element(id: 'textInput').attribute('value')).to eq 'SeleniumSelenium!'
  end
end

    await driver.actions()
      .keyDown(Key.SHIFT)
      .sendKeys('a')
      .perform()

/examples/javascript/test/actionsApi/keysTest.spec.js

const { By, Key, Browser, Builder} = require('selenium-webdriver')
const assert = require('assert')
const { platform } = require('node:process')

describe('Keyboard Action - Keys test', function() {
  let driver

  before(async function() {
    driver = await new Builder().forBrowser('chrome').build();
  })

  after(async () => await driver.quit())

  it('KeyDown', async function() {
    await driver.get('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html')

    await driver.actions()
      .keyDown(Key.SHIFT)
      .sendKeys('a')
      .perform()

    const textField = driver.findElement(By.id('textInput'))
    assert.deepStrictEqual(await textField.getAttribute('value'), 'A')
  })

  it('KeyUp', async function() {
    await driver.get('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html')

    const textField = driver.findElement(By.id('textInput'))
    await textField.click()

    await driver.actions()
      .keyDown(Key.SHIFT)
      .sendKeys('a')
      .keyUp(Key.SHIFT)
      .sendKeys('b')
      .perform()

    assert.deepStrictEqual(await textField.getAttribute('value'), 'Ab')
  })

  it('sendKeys', async function() {
    await driver.get('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html')

    const textField = driver.findElement(By.id('textInput'))
    await textField.click()

    await driver.actions()
      .sendKeys('abc')
      .perform()

    assert.deepStrictEqual(await textField.getAttribute('value'), 'abc')
  })

  it('Designated Element', async function() {
    await driver.get('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html')

    await driver.findElement(By.css('body')).click()
    const textField = await driver.findElement(By.id('textInput'))

    await driver.actions()
      .sendKeys(textField, 'abc')
      .perform()

    assert.deepStrictEqual(await textField.getAttribute('value'), 'abc')
  })

  it('Copy and Paste', async function() {
    await driver.get('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html')

    const textField = await driver.findElement(By.id('textInput'))

    const cmdCtrl = platform.includes('darwin') ? Key.COMMAND : Key.CONTROL

    await driver.actions()
      .click(textField)
      .sendKeys('Selenium!')
      .sendKeys(Key.ARROW_LEFT)
      .keyDown(Key.SHIFT)
      .sendKeys(Key.ARROW_UP)
      .keyUp(Key.SHIFT)
      .keyDown(cmdCtrl)
      .sendKeys('xvv')
      .keyUp(cmdCtrl)
      .perform()

    assert.deepStrictEqual(await textField.getAttribute('value'), 'SeleniumSelenium!')
  })
})

                .keyDown(Keys.SHIFT)
                .sendKeys("a")
                .perform()

/examples/kotlin/src/test/kotlin/dev/selenium/actions_api/KeysTest.kt

package dev.selenium.actions_api

import dev.selenium.BaseTest
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test
import org.openqa.selenium.By
import org.openqa.selenium.HasCapabilities
import org.openqa.selenium.Keys
import org.openqa.selenium.Platform
import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions

class KeysTest : BaseTest() {

    @Test
    fun keyDown() {
        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html")

        Actions(driver)
                .keyDown(Keys.SHIFT)
                .sendKeys("a")
                .perform()

        val textField = driver.findElement(By.id("textInput"))
        Assertions.assertEquals("A", textField.getAttribute("value"))
    }

    @Test
    fun keyUp() {
        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html")

        Actions(driver)
                .keyDown(Keys.SHIFT)
                .sendKeys("a")
                .keyUp(Keys.SHIFT)
                .sendKeys("b")
                .perform()

        val textField = driver.findElement(By.id("textInput"))
        Assertions.assertEquals("Ab", textField.getAttribute("value"))
    }

    @Test
    fun sendKeysToActiveElement() {
        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html")

        Actions(driver)
                .sendKeys("abc")
                .perform()

        val textField = driver.findElement(By.id("textInput"))
        Assertions.assertEquals("abc", textField.getAttribute("value"))
    }

    @Test
    fun sendKeysToDesignatedElement() {
        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html")
        driver.findElement(By.tagName("body")).click()

        val textField = driver.findElement(By.id("textInput"))
        Actions(driver)
                .sendKeys(textField, "Selenium!")
                .perform()

        Assertions.assertEquals("Selenium!", textField.getAttribute("value"))
    }

    @Test
    fun copyAndPaste() {
        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html")

        val platformName = (driver as HasCapabilities).getCapabilities().getPlatformName()

        val cmdCtrl = if(platformName == Platform.MAC) Keys.COMMAND else Keys.CONTROL

        val textField = driver.findElement(By.id("textInput"))
        Actions(driver)
                .sendKeys(textField, "Selenium!")
                .sendKeys(Keys.ARROW_LEFT)
                .keyDown(Keys.SHIFT)
                .sendKeys(Keys.ARROW_UP)
                .keyUp(Keys.SHIFT)
                .keyDown(cmdCtrl)
                .sendKeys("xvv")
                .keyUp(cmdCtrl)
                .perform()

        Assertions.assertEquals("SeleniumSelenium!", textField.getAttribute("value"))
    }
}

释放按键

        new Actions(driver)
                .keyDown(Keys.SHIFT)
                .sendKeys("a")
                .keyUp(Keys.SHIFT)
                .sendKeys("b")
                .perform();

/examples/java/src/test/java/dev/selenium/actions_api/KeysTest.java

package dev.selenium.actions_api;

import dev.selenium.BaseChromeTest;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.Keys;
import org.openqa.selenium.Platform;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions;

public class KeysTest extends BaseChromeTest {
    @Test
    public void keyDown() {
        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html");

        new Actions(driver)
                .keyDown(Keys.SHIFT)
                .sendKeys("a")
                .perform();

        WebElement textField = driver.findElement(By.id("textInput"));
        Assertions.assertEquals("A", textField.getAttribute("value"));
    }

    @Test
    public void keyUp() {
        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html");

        new Actions(driver)
                .keyDown(Keys.SHIFT)
                .sendKeys("a")
                .keyUp(Keys.SHIFT)
                .sendKeys("b")
                .perform();

        WebElement textField = driver.findElement(By.id("textInput"));
        Assertions.assertEquals("Ab", textField.getAttribute("value"));
    }

    @Test
    public void sendKeysToActiveElement() {
        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html");

        new Actions(driver)
                .sendKeys("abc")
                .perform();

        WebElement textField = driver.findElement(By.id("textInput"));
        Assertions.assertEquals("abc", textField.getAttribute("value"));
    }

    @Test
    public void sendKeysToDesignatedElement() {
        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html");
        driver.findElement(By.tagName("body")).click();

        WebElement textField = driver.findElement(By.id("textInput"));
        new Actions(driver)
                .sendKeys(textField, "Selenium!")
                .perform();

        Assertions.assertEquals("Selenium!", textField.getAttribute("value"));
    }

    @Test
    public void copyAndPaste() {
        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html");

        Keys cmdCtrl = Platform.getCurrent().is(Platform.MAC) ? Keys.COMMAND : Keys.CONTROL;

        WebElement textField = driver.findElement(By.id("textInput"));
        new Actions(driver)
                .sendKeys(textField, "Selenium!")
                .sendKeys(Keys.ARROW_LEFT)
                .keyDown(Keys.SHIFT)
                .sendKeys(Keys.ARROW_UP)
                .keyUp(Keys.SHIFT)
                .keyDown(cmdCtrl)
                .sendKeys("xvv")
                .keyUp(cmdCtrl)
                .perform();

        Assertions.assertEquals("SeleniumSelenium!", textField.getAttribute("value"));
    }
}

    ActionChains(driver)\
        .key_down(Keys.SHIFT)\
        .send_keys("a")\
        .key_up(Keys.SHIFT)\
        .send_keys("b")\
        .perform()

/examples/python/tests/actions_api/test_keys.py

import sys

from selenium.webdriver import Keys, ActionChains
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By


def test_key_down(driver):
    driver.get('https://selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html')

    ActionChains(driver)\
        .key_down(Keys.SHIFT)\
        .send_keys("abc")\
        .perform()

    assert driver.find_element(By.ID, "textInput").get_attribute('value') == "ABC"


def test_key_up(driver):
    driver.get('https://selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html')

    ActionChains(driver)\
        .key_down(Keys.SHIFT)\
        .send_keys("a")\
        .key_up(Keys.SHIFT)\
        .send_keys("b")\
        .perform()

    assert driver.find_element(By.ID, "textInput").get_attribute('value') == "Ab"


def test_send_keys_to_active_element(driver):
    driver.get('https://selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html')

    ActionChains(driver)\
        .send_keys("abc")\
        .perform()

    assert driver.find_element(By.ID, "textInput").get_attribute('value') == "abc"


def test_send_keys_to_designated_element(driver):
    driver.get('https://selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html')
    driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, "body").click()

    text_input = driver.find_element(By.ID, "textInput")
    ActionChains(driver)\
        .send_keys_to_element(text_input, "abc")\
        .perform()

    assert driver.find_element(By.ID, "textInput").get_attribute('value') == "abc"


def test_copy_and_paste(firefox_driver):
    driver = firefox_driver
    driver.get('https://selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html')
    cmd_ctrl = Keys.COMMAND if sys.platform == 'darwin' else Keys.CONTROL

    ActionChains(driver)\
        .send_keys("Selenium!")\
        .send_keys(Keys.ARROW_LEFT)\
        .key_down(Keys.SHIFT)\
        .send_keys(Keys.ARROW_UP)\
        .key_up(Keys.SHIFT)\
        .key_down(cmd_ctrl)\
        .send_keys("xvv")\
        .key_up(cmd_ctrl)\
        .perform()

    assert driver.find_element(By.ID, "textInput").get_attribute('value') == "SeleniumSelenium!"

            new Actions(driver)
                .KeyDown(Keys.Shift)
                .SendKeys("a")
                .KeyUp(Keys.Shift)
                .SendKeys("b")
                .Perform();

/examples/dotnet/SeleniumDocs/ActionsAPI/KeysTest.cs

using System;
using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;
using OpenQA.Selenium;
using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions;

namespace SeleniumDocs.ActionsAPI
{
    [TestClass]
    public class KeysTest : BaseFirefoxTest
    {
        [TestMethod]
        public void KeyDown()
        {
            driver.Url = "https://selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html";

            new Actions(driver)
                .KeyDown(Keys.Shift)
                .SendKeys("a")
                .Perform();

            IWebElement textField = driver.FindElement(By.Id("textInput"));
            Assert.AreEqual("A", textField.GetAttribute("value"));
        }

        [TestMethod]
        public void KeyUp()
        {
            driver.Url = "https://selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html";

            new Actions(driver)
                .KeyDown(Keys.Shift)
                .SendKeys("a")
                .KeyUp(Keys.Shift)
                .SendKeys("b")
                .Perform();

            IWebElement textField = driver.FindElement(By.Id("textInput"));
            Assert.AreEqual("Ab", textField.GetAttribute("value"));
        }
        
        [TestMethod]
        public void SendKeysToActiveElement()
        {
            driver.Url = "https://selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html";

            new Actions(driver)
                .SendKeys("abc")
                .Perform();

            IWebElement textField = driver.FindElement(By.Id("textInput"));
            Assert.AreEqual("abc", textField.GetAttribute("value"));
        }
        
        [TestMethod]
        public void SendKeysToDesignatedElement()
        {
            driver.Url = "https://selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html";
            driver.FindElement(By.TagName("body")).Click();
            
            IWebElement textField = driver.FindElement(By.Id("textInput"));
            new Actions(driver)
                .SendKeys(textField, "abc")
                .Perform();

            Assert.AreEqual("abc", textField.GetAttribute("value"));
        }

        [TestMethod]
        public void CopyAndPaste()
        {
            driver.Url = "https://selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html";

            var capabilities = ((WebDriver)driver).Capabilities;
            String platformName = (string)capabilities.GetCapability("platformName");

            String cmdCtrl = platformName.Contains("mac") ? Keys.Command : Keys.Control;

            new Actions(driver)
                .SendKeys("Selenium!")
                .SendKeys(Keys.ArrowLeft)
                .KeyDown(Keys.Shift)
                .SendKeys(Keys.ArrowUp)
                .KeyUp(Keys.Shift)
                .KeyDown(cmdCtrl)
                .SendKeys("xvv")
                .KeyUp(cmdCtrl)
                .Perform();

            IWebElement textField = driver.FindElement(By.Id("textInput"));
            Assert.AreEqual("SeleniumSelenium!", textField.GetAttribute("value"));
        }
    }
}

    driver.action
          .key_down(:shift)
          .send_keys('a')
          .key_up(:shift)
          .send_keys('b')
          .perform

/examples/ruby/spec/actions_api/keys_spec.rb

# frozen_string_literal: true

require 'spec_helper'

RSpec.describe 'Keys' do
  let(:driver) { start_session }
  let(:wait) { Selenium::WebDriver::Wait.new(timeout: 2) }

  it 'key down' do
    driver.get 'https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html'
    wait.until { driver.find_element(id: 'textInput').attribute('autofocus') }

    driver.action
          .key_down(:shift)
          .send_keys('a')
          .perform

    expect(driver.find_element(id: 'textInput').attribute('value')).to eq 'A'
  end

  it 'key up' do
    driver.get 'https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html'
    wait.until { driver.find_element(id: 'textInput').attribute('autofocus') }

    driver.action
          .key_down(:shift)
          .send_keys('a')
          .key_up(:shift)
          .send_keys('b')
          .perform

    expect(driver.find_element(id: 'textInput').attribute('value')).to eq 'Ab'
  end

  it 'sends keys to active element' do
    driver.get 'https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html'
    wait.until { driver.find_element(id: 'textInput').attribute('autofocus') }

    driver.action
          .send_keys('abc')
          .perform

    expect(driver.find_element(id: 'textInput').attribute('value')).to eq 'abc'
  end

  it 'sends keys to designated element' do
    driver.get 'https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html'
    driver.find_element(tag_name: 'body').click
    wait.until { driver.find_element(id: 'textInput').attribute('autofocus') }

    text_field = driver.find_element(id: 'textInput')
    driver.action
          .send_keys(text_field, 'Selenium!')
          .perform

    expect(text_field.attribute('value')).to eq 'Selenium!'
  end

  it 'copy and paste' do
    driver.get 'https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html'
    wait.until { driver.find_element(id: 'textInput').attribute('autofocus') }

    cmd_ctrl = driver.capabilities.platform_name.include?('mac') ? :command : :control
    driver.action
          .send_keys('Selenium!')
          .send_keys(:arrow_left)
          .key_down(:shift)
          .send_keys(:arrow_up)
          .key_up(:shift)
          .key_down(cmd_ctrl)
          .send_keys('xvv')
          .key_up(cmd_ctrl)
          .perform

    expect(driver.find_element(id: 'textInput').attribute('value')).to eq 'SeleniumSelenium!'
  end
end

    await driver.actions()
      .keyDown(Key.SHIFT)
      .sendKeys('a')
      .keyUp(Key.SHIFT)
      .sendKeys('b')
      .perform()

/examples/javascript/test/actionsApi/keysTest.spec.js

const { By, Key, Browser, Builder} = require('selenium-webdriver')
const assert = require('assert')
const { platform } = require('node:process')

describe('Keyboard Action - Keys test', function() {
  let driver

  before(async function() {
    driver = await new Builder().forBrowser('chrome').build();
  })

  after(async () => await driver.quit())

  it('KeyDown', async function() {
    await driver.get('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html')

    await driver.actions()
      .keyDown(Key.SHIFT)
      .sendKeys('a')
      .perform()

    const textField = driver.findElement(By.id('textInput'))
    assert.deepStrictEqual(await textField.getAttribute('value'), 'A')
  })

  it('KeyUp', async function() {
    await driver.get('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html')

    const textField = driver.findElement(By.id('textInput'))
    await textField.click()

    await driver.actions()
      .keyDown(Key.SHIFT)
      .sendKeys('a')
      .keyUp(Key.SHIFT)
      .sendKeys('b')
      .perform()

    assert.deepStrictEqual(await textField.getAttribute('value'), 'Ab')
  })

  it('sendKeys', async function() {
    await driver.get('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html')

    const textField = driver.findElement(By.id('textInput'))
    await textField.click()

    await driver.actions()
      .sendKeys('abc')
      .perform()

    assert.deepStrictEqual(await textField.getAttribute('value'), 'abc')
  })

  it('Designated Element', async function() {
    await driver.get('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html')

    await driver.findElement(By.css('body')).click()
    const textField = await driver.findElement(By.id('textInput'))

    await driver.actions()
      .sendKeys(textField, 'abc')
      .perform()

    assert.deepStrictEqual(await textField.getAttribute('value'), 'abc')
  })

  it('Copy and Paste', async function() {
    await driver.get('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html')

    const textField = await driver.findElement(By.id('textInput'))

    const cmdCtrl = platform.includes('darwin') ? Key.COMMAND : Key.CONTROL

    await driver.actions()
      .click(textField)
      .sendKeys('Selenium!')
      .sendKeys(Key.ARROW_LEFT)
      .keyDown(Key.SHIFT)
      .sendKeys(Key.ARROW_UP)
      .keyUp(Key.SHIFT)
      .keyDown(cmdCtrl)
      .sendKeys('xvv')
      .keyUp(cmdCtrl)
      .perform()

    assert.deepStrictEqual(await textField.getAttribute('value'), 'SeleniumSelenium!')
  })
})

                .keyDown(Keys.SHIFT)
                .sendKeys("a")
                .keyUp(Keys.SHIFT)
                .sendKeys("b")
                .perform()

/examples/kotlin/src/test/kotlin/dev/selenium/actions_api/KeysTest.kt

package dev.selenium.actions_api

import dev.selenium.BaseTest
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test
import org.openqa.selenium.By
import org.openqa.selenium.HasCapabilities
import org.openqa.selenium.Keys
import org.openqa.selenium.Platform
import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions

class KeysTest : BaseTest() {

    @Test
    fun keyDown() {
        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html")

        Actions(driver)
                .keyDown(Keys.SHIFT)
                .sendKeys("a")
                .perform()

        val textField = driver.findElement(By.id("textInput"))
        Assertions.assertEquals("A", textField.getAttribute("value"))
    }

    @Test
    fun keyUp() {
        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html")

        Actions(driver)
                .keyDown(Keys.SHIFT)
                .sendKeys("a")
                .keyUp(Keys.SHIFT)
                .sendKeys("b")
                .perform()

        val textField = driver.findElement(By.id("textInput"))
        Assertions.assertEquals("Ab", textField.getAttribute("value"))
    }

    @Test
    fun sendKeysToActiveElement() {
        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html")

        Actions(driver)
                .sendKeys("abc")
                .perform()

        val textField = driver.findElement(By.id("textInput"))
        Assertions.assertEquals("abc", textField.getAttribute("value"))
    }

    @Test
    fun sendKeysToDesignatedElement() {
        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html")
        driver.findElement(By.tagName("body")).click()

        val textField = driver.findElement(By.id("textInput"))
        Actions(driver)
                .sendKeys(textField, "Selenium!")
                .perform()

        Assertions.assertEquals("Selenium!", textField.getAttribute("value"))
    }

    @Test
    fun copyAndPaste() {
        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html")

        val platformName = (driver as HasCapabilities).getCapabilities().getPlatformName()

        val cmdCtrl = if(platformName == Platform.MAC) Keys.COMMAND else Keys.CONTROL

        val textField = driver.findElement(By.id("textInput"))
        Actions(driver)
                .sendKeys(textField, "Selenium!")
                .sendKeys(Keys.ARROW_LEFT)
                .keyDown(Keys.SHIFT)
                .sendKeys(Keys.ARROW_UP)
                .keyUp(Keys.SHIFT)
                .keyDown(cmdCtrl)
                .sendKeys("xvv")
                .keyUp(cmdCtrl)
                .perform()

        Assertions.assertEquals("SeleniumSelenium!", textField.getAttribute("value"))
    }
}

键入

这是Actions API的一种便捷方法, 它将 keyDown 和 keyUp 命令组合在一个操作中. 执行此命令与使用 element 方法略有不同, 但这主要用于，需要在其他操作之间键入多个字符时使用.

活跃元素

        new Actions(driver)
                .sendKeys("abc")
                .perform();

/examples/java/src/test/java/dev/selenium/actions_api/KeysTest.java

package dev.selenium.actions_api;

import dev.selenium.BaseChromeTest;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.Keys;
import org.openqa.selenium.Platform;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions;

public class KeysTest extends BaseChromeTest {
    @Test
    public void keyDown() {
        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html");

        new Actions(driver)
                .keyDown(Keys.SHIFT)
                .sendKeys("a")
                .perform();

        WebElement textField = driver.findElement(By.id("textInput"));
        Assertions.assertEquals("A", textField.getAttribute("value"));
    }

    @Test
    public void keyUp() {
        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html");

        new Actions(driver)
                .keyDown(Keys.SHIFT)
                .sendKeys("a")
                .keyUp(Keys.SHIFT)
                .sendKeys("b")
                .perform();

        WebElement textField = driver.findElement(By.id("textInput"));
        Assertions.assertEquals("Ab", textField.getAttribute("value"));
    }

    @Test
    public void sendKeysToActiveElement() {
        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html");

        new Actions(driver)
                .sendKeys("abc")
                .perform();

        WebElement textField = driver.findElement(By.id("textInput"));
        Assertions.assertEquals("abc", textField.getAttribute("value"));
    }

    @Test
    public void sendKeysToDesignatedElement() {
        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html");
        driver.findElement(By.tagName("body")).click();

        WebElement textField = driver.findElement(By.id("textInput"));
        new Actions(driver)
                .sendKeys(textField, "Selenium!")
                .perform();

        Assertions.assertEquals("Selenium!", textField.getAttribute("value"));
    }

    @Test
    public void copyAndPaste() {
        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html");

        Keys cmdCtrl = Platform.getCurrent().is(Platform.MAC) ? Keys.COMMAND : Keys.CONTROL;

        WebElement textField = driver.findElement(By.id("textInput"));
        new Actions(driver)
                .sendKeys(textField, "Selenium!")
                .sendKeys(Keys.ARROW_LEFT)
                .keyDown(Keys.SHIFT)
                .sendKeys(Keys.ARROW_UP)
                .keyUp(Keys.SHIFT)
                .keyDown(cmdCtrl)
                .sendKeys("xvv")
                .keyUp(cmdCtrl)
                .perform();

        Assertions.assertEquals("SeleniumSelenium!", textField.getAttribute("value"));
    }
}

    ActionChains(driver)\
        .send_keys("abc")\
        .perform()

/examples/python/tests/actions_api/test_keys.py

import sys

from selenium.webdriver import Keys, ActionChains
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By


def test_key_down(driver):
    driver.get('https://selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html')

    ActionChains(driver)\
        .key_down(Keys.SHIFT)\
        .send_keys("abc")\
        .perform()

    assert driver.find_element(By.ID, "textInput").get_attribute('value') == "ABC"


def test_key_up(driver):
    driver.get('https://selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html')

    ActionChains(driver)\
        .key_down(Keys.SHIFT)\
        .send_keys("a")\
        .key_up(Keys.SHIFT)\
        .send_keys("b")\
        .perform()

    assert driver.find_element(By.ID, "textInput").get_attribute('value') == "Ab"


def test_send_keys_to_active_element(driver):
    driver.get('https://selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html')

    ActionChains(driver)\
        .send_keys("abc")\
        .perform()

    assert driver.find_element(By.ID, "textInput").get_attribute('value') == "abc"


def test_send_keys_to_designated_element(driver):
    driver.get('https://selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html')
    driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, "body").click()

    text_input = driver.find_element(By.ID, "textInput")
    ActionChains(driver)\
        .send_keys_to_element(text_input, "abc")\
        .perform()

    assert driver.find_element(By.ID, "textInput").get_attribute('value') == "abc"


def test_copy_and_paste(firefox_driver):
    driver = firefox_driver
    driver.get('https://selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html')
    cmd_ctrl = Keys.COMMAND if sys.platform == 'darwin' else Keys.CONTROL

    ActionChains(driver)\
        .send_keys("Selenium!")\
        .send_keys(Keys.ARROW_LEFT)\
        .key_down(Keys.SHIFT)\
        .send_keys(Keys.ARROW_UP)\
        .key_up(Keys.SHIFT)\
        .key_down(cmd_ctrl)\
        .send_keys("xvv")\
        .key_up(cmd_ctrl)\
        .perform()

    assert driver.find_element(By.ID, "textInput").get_attribute('value') == "SeleniumSelenium!"


            new Actions(driver)
                .SendKeys("abc")

/examples/dotnet/SeleniumDocs/ActionsAPI/KeysTest.cs

using System;
using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;
using OpenQA.Selenium;
using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions;

namespace SeleniumDocs.ActionsAPI
{
    [TestClass]
    public class KeysTest : BaseFirefoxTest
    {
        [TestMethod]
        public void KeyDown()
        {
            driver.Url = "https://selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html";

            new Actions(driver)
                .KeyDown(Keys.Shift)
                .SendKeys("a")
                .Perform();

            IWebElement textField = driver.FindElement(By.Id("textInput"));
            Assert.AreEqual("A", textField.GetAttribute("value"));
        }

        [TestMethod]
        public void KeyUp()
        {
            driver.Url = "https://selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html";

            new Actions(driver)
                .KeyDown(Keys.Shift)
                .SendKeys("a")
                .KeyUp(Keys.Shift)
                .SendKeys("b")
                .Perform();

            IWebElement textField = driver.FindElement(By.Id("textInput"));
            Assert.AreEqual("Ab", textField.GetAttribute("value"));
        }
        
        [TestMethod]
        public void SendKeysToActiveElement()
        {
            driver.Url = "https://selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html";

            new Actions(driver)
                .SendKeys("abc")
                .Perform();

            IWebElement textField = driver.FindElement(By.Id("textInput"));
            Assert.AreEqual("abc", textField.GetAttribute("value"));
        }
        
        [TestMethod]
        public void SendKeysToDesignatedElement()
        {
            driver.Url = "https://selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html";
            driver.FindElement(By.TagName("body")).Click();
            
            IWebElement textField = driver.FindElement(By.Id("textInput"));
            new Actions(driver)
                .SendKeys(textField, "abc")
                .Perform();

            Assert.AreEqual("abc", textField.GetAttribute("value"));
        }

        [TestMethod]
        public void CopyAndPaste()
        {
            driver.Url = "https://selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html";

            var capabilities = ((WebDriver)driver).Capabilities;
            String platformName = (string)capabilities.GetCapability("platformName");

            String cmdCtrl = platformName.Contains("mac") ? Keys.Command : Keys.Control;

            new Actions(driver)
                .SendKeys("Selenium!")
                .SendKeys(Keys.ArrowLeft)
                .KeyDown(Keys.Shift)
                .SendKeys(Keys.ArrowUp)
                .KeyUp(Keys.Shift)
                .KeyDown(cmdCtrl)
                .SendKeys("xvv")
                .KeyUp(cmdCtrl)
                .Perform();

            IWebElement textField = driver.FindElement(By.Id("textInput"));
            Assert.AreEqual("SeleniumSelenium!", textField.GetAttribute("value"));
        }
    }
}

    driver.action
          .send_keys('abc')
          .perform

/examples/ruby/spec/actions_api/keys_spec.rb

# frozen_string_literal: true

require 'spec_helper'

RSpec.describe 'Keys' do
  let(:driver) { start_session }
  let(:wait) { Selenium::WebDriver::Wait.new(timeout: 2) }

  it 'key down' do
    driver.get 'https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html'
    wait.until { driver.find_element(id: 'textInput').attribute('autofocus') }

    driver.action
          .key_down(:shift)
          .send_keys('a')
          .perform

    expect(driver.find_element(id: 'textInput').attribute('value')).to eq 'A'
  end

  it 'key up' do
    driver.get 'https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html'
    wait.until { driver.find_element(id: 'textInput').attribute('autofocus') }

    driver.action
          .key_down(:shift)
          .send_keys('a')
          .key_up(:shift)
          .send_keys('b')
          .perform

    expect(driver.find_element(id: 'textInput').attribute('value')).to eq 'Ab'
  end

  it 'sends keys to active element' do
    driver.get 'https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html'
    wait.until { driver.find_element(id: 'textInput').attribute('autofocus') }

    driver.action
          .send_keys('abc')
          .perform

    expect(driver.find_element(id: 'textInput').attribute('value')).to eq 'abc'
  end

  it 'sends keys to designated element' do
    driver.get 'https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html'
    driver.find_element(tag_name: 'body').click
    wait.until { driver.find_element(id: 'textInput').attribute('autofocus') }

    text_field = driver.find_element(id: 'textInput')
    driver.action
          .send_keys(text_field, 'Selenium!')
          .perform

    expect(text_field.attribute('value')).to eq 'Selenium!'
  end

  it 'copy and paste' do
    driver.get 'https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html'
    wait.until { driver.find_element(id: 'textInput').attribute('autofocus') }

    cmd_ctrl = driver.capabilities.platform_name.include?('mac') ? :command : :control
    driver.action
          .send_keys('Selenium!')
          .send_keys(:arrow_left)
          .key_down(:shift)
          .send_keys(:arrow_up)
          .key_up(:shift)
          .key_down(cmd_ctrl)
          .send_keys('xvv')
          .key_up(cmd_ctrl)
          .perform

    expect(driver.find_element(id: 'textInput').attribute('value')).to eq 'SeleniumSelenium!'
  end
end

    await driver.actions()
      .sendKeys('abc')
      .perform()

/examples/javascript/test/actionsApi/keysTest.spec.js

const { By, Key, Browser, Builder} = require('selenium-webdriver')
const assert = require('assert')
const { platform } = require('node:process')

describe('Keyboard Action - Keys test', function() {
  let driver

  before(async function() {
    driver = await new Builder().forBrowser('chrome').build();
  })

  after(async () => await driver.quit())

  it('KeyDown', async function() {
    await driver.get('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html')

    await driver.actions()
      .keyDown(Key.SHIFT)
      .sendKeys('a')
      .perform()

    const textField = driver.findElement(By.id('textInput'))
    assert.deepStrictEqual(await textField.getAttribute('value'), 'A')
  })

  it('KeyUp', async function() {
    await driver.get('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html')

    const textField = driver.findElement(By.id('textInput'))
    await textField.click()

    await driver.actions()
      .keyDown(Key.SHIFT)
      .sendKeys('a')
      .keyUp(Key.SHIFT)
      .sendKeys('b')
      .perform()

    assert.deepStrictEqual(await textField.getAttribute('value'), 'Ab')
  })

  it('sendKeys', async function() {
    await driver.get('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html')

    const textField = driver.findElement(By.id('textInput'))
    await textField.click()

    await driver.actions()
      .sendKeys('abc')
      .perform()

    assert.deepStrictEqual(await textField.getAttribute('value'), 'abc')
  })

  it('Designated Element', async function() {
    await driver.get('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html')

    await driver.findElement(By.css('body')).click()
    const textField = await driver.findElement(By.id('textInput'))

    await driver.actions()
      .sendKeys(textField, 'abc')
      .perform()

    assert.deepStrictEqual(await textField.getAttribute('value'), 'abc')
  })

  it('Copy and Paste', async function() {
    await driver.get('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html')

    const textField = await driver.findElement(By.id('textInput'))

    const cmdCtrl = platform.includes('darwin') ? Key.COMMAND : Key.CONTROL

    await driver.actions()
      .click(textField)
      .sendKeys('Selenium!')
      .sendKeys(Key.ARROW_LEFT)
      .keyDown(Key.SHIFT)
      .sendKeys(Key.ARROW_UP)
      .keyUp(Key.SHIFT)
      .keyDown(cmdCtrl)
      .sendKeys('xvv')
      .keyUp(cmdCtrl)
      .perform()

    assert.deepStrictEqual(await textField.getAttribute('value'), 'SeleniumSelenium!')
  })
})

                .sendKeys("abc")
                .perform()

/examples/kotlin/src/test/kotlin/dev/selenium/actions_api/KeysTest.kt

package dev.selenium.actions_api

import dev.selenium.BaseTest
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test
import org.openqa.selenium.By
import org.openqa.selenium.HasCapabilities
import org.openqa.selenium.Keys
import org.openqa.selenium.Platform
import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions

class KeysTest : BaseTest() {

    @Test
    fun keyDown() {
        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html")

        Actions(driver)
                .keyDown(Keys.SHIFT)
                .sendKeys("a")
                .perform()

        val textField = driver.findElement(By.id("textInput"))
        Assertions.assertEquals("A", textField.getAttribute("value"))
    }

    @Test
    fun keyUp() {
        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html")

        Actions(driver)
                .keyDown(Keys.SHIFT)
                .sendKeys("a")
                .keyUp(Keys.SHIFT)
                .sendKeys("b")
                .perform()

        val textField = driver.findElement(By.id("textInput"))
        Assertions.assertEquals("Ab", textField.getAttribute("value"))
    }

    @Test
    fun sendKeysToActiveElement() {
        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html")

        Actions(driver)
                .sendKeys("abc")
                .perform()

        val textField = driver.findElement(By.id("textInput"))
        Assertions.assertEquals("abc", textField.getAttribute("value"))
    }

    @Test
    fun sendKeysToDesignatedElement() {
        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html")
        driver.findElement(By.tagName("body")).click()

        val textField = driver.findElement(By.id("textInput"))
        Actions(driver)
                .sendKeys(textField, "Selenium!")
                .perform()

        Assertions.assertEquals("Selenium!", textField.getAttribute("value"))
    }

    @Test
    fun copyAndPaste() {
        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html")

        val platformName = (driver as HasCapabilities).getCapabilities().getPlatformName()

        val cmdCtrl = if(platformName == Platform.MAC) Keys.COMMAND else Keys.CONTROL

        val textField = driver.findElement(By.id("textInput"))
        Actions(driver)
                .sendKeys(textField, "Selenium!")
                .sendKeys(Keys.ARROW_LEFT)
                .keyDown(Keys.SHIFT)
                .sendKeys(Keys.ARROW_UP)
                .keyUp(Keys.SHIFT)
                .keyDown(cmdCtrl)
                .sendKeys("xvv")
                .keyUp(cmdCtrl)
                .perform()

        Assertions.assertEquals("SeleniumSelenium!", textField.getAttribute("value"))
    }
}

指定元素

        new Actions(driver)
                .sendKeys(textField, "Selenium!")
                .perform();

/examples/java/src/test/java/dev/selenium/actions_api/KeysTest.java

package dev.selenium.actions_api;

import dev.selenium.BaseChromeTest;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.Keys;
import org.openqa.selenium.Platform;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions;

public class KeysTest extends BaseChromeTest {
    @Test
    public void keyDown() {
        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html");

        new Actions(driver)
                .keyDown(Keys.SHIFT)
                .sendKeys("a")
                .perform();

        WebElement textField = driver.findElement(By.id("textInput"));
        Assertions.assertEquals("A", textField.getAttribute("value"));
    }

    @Test
    public void keyUp() {
        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html");

        new Actions(driver)
                .keyDown(Keys.SHIFT)
                .sendKeys("a")
                .keyUp(Keys.SHIFT)
                .sendKeys("b")
                .perform();

        WebElement textField = driver.findElement(By.id("textInput"));
        Assertions.assertEquals("Ab", textField.getAttribute("value"));
    }

    @Test
    public void sendKeysToActiveElement() {
        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html");

        new Actions(driver)
                .sendKeys("abc")
                .perform();

        WebElement textField = driver.findElement(By.id("textInput"));
        Assertions.assertEquals("abc", textField.getAttribute("value"));
    }

    @Test
    public void sendKeysToDesignatedElement() {
        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html");
        driver.findElement(By.tagName("body")).click();

        WebElement textField = driver.findElement(By.id("textInput"));
        new Actions(driver)
                .sendKeys(textField, "Selenium!")
                .perform();

        Assertions.assertEquals("Selenium!", textField.getAttribute("value"));
    }

    @Test
    public void copyAndPaste() {
        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html");

        Keys cmdCtrl = Platform.getCurrent().is(Platform.MAC) ? Keys.COMMAND : Keys.CONTROL;

        WebElement textField = driver.findElement(By.id("textInput"));
        new Actions(driver)
                .sendKeys(textField, "Selenium!")
                .sendKeys(Keys.ARROW_LEFT)
                .keyDown(Keys.SHIFT)
                .sendKeys(Keys.ARROW_UP)
                .keyUp(Keys.SHIFT)
                .keyDown(cmdCtrl)
                .sendKeys("xvv")
                .keyUp(cmdCtrl)
                .perform();

        Assertions.assertEquals("SeleniumSelenium!", textField.getAttribute("value"));
    }
}

    text_input = driver.find_element(By.ID, "textInput")
    ActionChains(driver)\
        .send_keys_to_element(text_input, "abc")\
        .perform()

/examples/python/tests/actions_api/test_keys.py

import sys

from selenium.webdriver import Keys, ActionChains
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By


def test_key_down(driver):
    driver.get('https://selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html')

    ActionChains(driver)\
        .key_down(Keys.SHIFT)\
        .send_keys("abc")\
        .perform()

    assert driver.find_element(By.ID, "textInput").get_attribute('value') == "ABC"


def test_key_up(driver):
    driver.get('https://selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html')

    ActionChains(driver)\
        .key_down(Keys.SHIFT)\
        .send_keys("a")\
        .key_up(Keys.SHIFT)\
        .send_keys("b")\
        .perform()

    assert driver.find_element(By.ID, "textInput").get_attribute('value') == "Ab"


def test_send_keys_to_active_element(driver):
    driver.get('https://selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html')

    ActionChains(driver)\
        .send_keys("abc")\
        .perform()

    assert driver.find_element(By.ID, "textInput").get_attribute('value') == "abc"


def test_send_keys_to_designated_element(driver):
    driver.get('https://selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html')
    driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, "body").click()

    text_input = driver.find_element(By.ID, "textInput")
    ActionChains(driver)\
        .send_keys_to_element(text_input, "abc")\
        .perform()

    assert driver.find_element(By.ID, "textInput").get_attribute('value') == "abc"


def test_copy_and_paste(firefox_driver):
    driver = firefox_driver
    driver.get('https://selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html')
    cmd_ctrl = Keys.COMMAND if sys.platform == 'darwin' else Keys.CONTROL

    ActionChains(driver)\
        .send_keys("Selenium!")\
        .send_keys(Keys.ARROW_LEFT)\
        .key_down(Keys.SHIFT)\
        .send_keys(Keys.ARROW_UP)\
        .key_up(Keys.SHIFT)\
        .key_down(cmd_ctrl)\
        .send_keys("xvv")\
        .key_up(cmd_ctrl)\
        .perform()

    assert driver.find_element(By.ID, "textInput").get_attribute('value') == "SeleniumSelenium!"

            driver.FindElement(By.TagName("body")).Click();
            
            IWebElement textField = driver.FindElement(By.Id("textInput"));
            new Actions(driver)

/examples/dotnet/SeleniumDocs/ActionsAPI/KeysTest.cs

using System;
using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;
using OpenQA.Selenium;
using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions;

namespace SeleniumDocs.ActionsAPI
{
    [TestClass]
    public class KeysTest : BaseFirefoxTest
    {
        [TestMethod]
        public void KeyDown()
        {
            driver.Url = "https://selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html";

            new Actions(driver)
                .KeyDown(Keys.Shift)
                .SendKeys("a")
                .Perform();

            IWebElement textField = driver.FindElement(By.Id("textInput"));
            Assert.AreEqual("A", textField.GetAttribute("value"));
        }

        [TestMethod]
        public void KeyUp()
        {
            driver.Url = "https://selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html";

            new Actions(driver)
                .KeyDown(Keys.Shift)
                .SendKeys("a")
                .KeyUp(Keys.Shift)
                .SendKeys("b")
                .Perform();

            IWebElement textField = driver.FindElement(By.Id("textInput"));
            Assert.AreEqual("Ab", textField.GetAttribute("value"));
        }
        
        [TestMethod]
        public void SendKeysToActiveElement()
        {
            driver.Url = "https://selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html";

            new Actions(driver)
                .SendKeys("abc")
                .Perform();

            IWebElement textField = driver.FindElement(By.Id("textInput"));
            Assert.AreEqual("abc", textField.GetAttribute("value"));
        }
        
        [TestMethod]
        public void SendKeysToDesignatedElement()
        {
            driver.Url = "https://selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html";
            driver.FindElement(By.TagName("body")).Click();
            
            IWebElement textField = driver.FindElement(By.Id("textInput"));
            new Actions(driver)
                .SendKeys(textField, "abc")
                .Perform();

            Assert.AreEqual("abc", textField.GetAttribute("value"));
        }

        [TestMethod]
        public void CopyAndPaste()
        {
            driver.Url = "https://selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html";

            var capabilities = ((WebDriver)driver).Capabilities;
            String platformName = (string)capabilities.GetCapability("platformName");

            String cmdCtrl = platformName.Contains("mac") ? Keys.Command : Keys.Control;

            new Actions(driver)
                .SendKeys("Selenium!")
                .SendKeys(Keys.ArrowLeft)
                .KeyDown(Keys.Shift)
                .SendKeys(Keys.ArrowUp)
                .KeyUp(Keys.Shift)
                .KeyDown(cmdCtrl)
                .SendKeys("xvv")
                .KeyUp(cmdCtrl)
                .Perform();

            IWebElement textField = driver.FindElement(By.Id("textInput"));
            Assert.AreEqual("SeleniumSelenium!", textField.GetAttribute("value"));
        }
    }
}

    text_field = driver.find_element(id: 'textInput')
    driver.action
          .send_keys(text_field, 'Selenium!')
          .perform

/examples/ruby/spec/actions_api/keys_spec.rb

# frozen_string_literal: true

require 'spec_helper'

RSpec.describe 'Keys' do
  let(:driver) { start_session }
  let(:wait) { Selenium::WebDriver::Wait.new(timeout: 2) }

  it 'key down' do
    driver.get 'https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html'
    wait.until { driver.find_element(id: 'textInput').attribute('autofocus') }

    driver.action
          .key_down(:shift)
          .send_keys('a')
          .perform

    expect(driver.find_element(id: 'textInput').attribute('value')).to eq 'A'
  end

  it 'key up' do
    driver.get 'https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html'
    wait.until { driver.find_element(id: 'textInput').attribute('autofocus') }

    driver.action
          .key_down(:shift)
          .send_keys('a')
          .key_up(:shift)
          .send_keys('b')
          .perform

    expect(driver.find_element(id: 'textInput').attribute('value')).to eq 'Ab'
  end

  it 'sends keys to active element' do
    driver.get 'https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html'
    wait.until { driver.find_element(id: 'textInput').attribute('autofocus') }

    driver.action
          .send_keys('abc')
          .perform

    expect(driver.find_element(id: 'textInput').attribute('value')).to eq 'abc'
  end

  it 'sends keys to designated element' do
    driver.get 'https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html'
    driver.find_element(tag_name: 'body').click
    wait.until { driver.find_element(id: 'textInput').attribute('autofocus') }

    text_field = driver.find_element(id: 'textInput')
    driver.action
          .send_keys(text_field, 'Selenium!')
          .perform

    expect(text_field.attribute('value')).to eq 'Selenium!'
  end

  it 'copy and paste' do
    driver.get 'https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html'
    wait.until { driver.find_element(id: 'textInput').attribute('autofocus') }

    cmd_ctrl = driver.capabilities.platform_name.include?('mac') ? :command : :control
    driver.action
          .send_keys('Selenium!')
          .send_keys(:arrow_left)
          .key_down(:shift)
          .send_keys(:arrow_up)
          .key_up(:shift)
          .key_down(cmd_ctrl)
          .send_keys('xvv')
          .key_up(cmd_ctrl)
          .perform

    expect(driver.find_element(id: 'textInput').attribute('value')).to eq 'SeleniumSelenium!'
  end
end

Selenium v4.5.0

    const textField = await driver.findElement(By.id('textInput'))

    await driver.actions()
      .sendKeys(textField, 'abc')
      .perform()

/examples/javascript/test/actionsApi/keysTest.spec.js

const { By, Key, Browser, Builder} = require('selenium-webdriver')
const assert = require('assert')
const { platform } = require('node:process')

describe('Keyboard Action - Keys test', function() {
  let driver

  before(async function() {
    driver = await new Builder().forBrowser('chrome').build();
  })

  after(async () => await driver.quit())

  it('KeyDown', async function() {
    await driver.get('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html')

    await driver.actions()
      .keyDown(Key.SHIFT)
      .sendKeys('a')
      .perform()

    const textField = driver.findElement(By.id('textInput'))
    assert.deepStrictEqual(await textField.getAttribute('value'), 'A')
  })

  it('KeyUp', async function() {
    await driver.get('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html')

    const textField = driver.findElement(By.id('textInput'))
    await textField.click()

    await driver.actions()
      .keyDown(Key.SHIFT)
      .sendKeys('a')
      .keyUp(Key.SHIFT)
      .sendKeys('b')
      .perform()

    assert.deepStrictEqual(await textField.getAttribute('value'), 'Ab')
  })

  it('sendKeys', async function() {
    await driver.get('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html')

    const textField = driver.findElement(By.id('textInput'))
    await textField.click()

    await driver.actions()
      .sendKeys('abc')
      .perform()

    assert.deepStrictEqual(await textField.getAttribute('value'), 'abc')
  })

  it('Designated Element', async function() {
    await driver.get('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html')

    await driver.findElement(By.css('body')).click()
    const textField = await driver.findElement(By.id('textInput'))

    await driver.actions()
      .sendKeys(textField, 'abc')
      .perform()

    assert.deepStrictEqual(await textField.getAttribute('value'), 'abc')
  })

  it('Copy and Paste', async function() {
    await driver.get('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html')

    const textField = await driver.findElement(By.id('textInput'))

    const cmdCtrl = platform.includes('darwin') ? Key.COMMAND : Key.CONTROL

    await driver.actions()
      .click(textField)
      .sendKeys('Selenium!')
      .sendKeys(Key.ARROW_LEFT)
      .keyDown(Key.SHIFT)
      .sendKeys(Key.ARROW_UP)
      .keyUp(Key.SHIFT)
      .keyDown(cmdCtrl)
      .sendKeys('xvv')
      .keyUp(cmdCtrl)
      .perform()

    assert.deepStrictEqual(await textField.getAttribute('value'), 'SeleniumSelenium!')
  })
})

        Actions(driver)
                .sendKeys(textField, "Selenium!")
                .perform()

/examples/kotlin/src/test/kotlin/dev/selenium/actions_api/KeysTest.kt

package dev.selenium.actions_api

import dev.selenium.BaseTest
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test
import org.openqa.selenium.By
import org.openqa.selenium.HasCapabilities
import org.openqa.selenium.Keys
import org.openqa.selenium.Platform
import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions

class KeysTest : BaseTest() {

    @Test
    fun keyDown() {
        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html")

        Actions(driver)
                .keyDown(Keys.SHIFT)
                .sendKeys("a")
                .perform()

        val textField = driver.findElement(By.id("textInput"))
        Assertions.assertEquals("A", textField.getAttribute("value"))
    }

    @Test
    fun keyUp() {
        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html")

        Actions(driver)
                .keyDown(Keys.SHIFT)
                .sendKeys("a")
                .keyUp(Keys.SHIFT)
                .sendKeys("b")
                .perform()

        val textField = driver.findElement(By.id("textInput"))
        Assertions.assertEquals("Ab", textField.getAttribute("value"))
    }

    @Test
    fun sendKeysToActiveElement() {
        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html")

        Actions(driver)
                .sendKeys("abc")
                .perform()

        val textField = driver.findElement(By.id("textInput"))
        Assertions.assertEquals("abc", textField.getAttribute("value"))
    }

    @Test
    fun sendKeysToDesignatedElement() {
        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html")
        driver.findElement(By.tagName("body")).click()

        val textField = driver.findElement(By.id("textInput"))
        Actions(driver)
                .sendKeys(textField, "Selenium!")
                .perform()

        Assertions.assertEquals("Selenium!", textField.getAttribute("value"))
    }

    @Test
    fun copyAndPaste() {
        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html")

        val platformName = (driver as HasCapabilities).getCapabilities().getPlatformName()

        val cmdCtrl = if(platformName == Platform.MAC) Keys.COMMAND else Keys.CONTROL

        val textField = driver.findElement(By.id("textInput"))
        Actions(driver)
                .sendKeys(textField, "Selenium!")
                .sendKeys(Keys.ARROW_LEFT)
                .keyDown(Keys.SHIFT)
                .sendKeys(Keys.ARROW_UP)
                .keyUp(Keys.SHIFT)
                .keyDown(cmdCtrl)
                .sendKeys("xvv")
                .keyUp(cmdCtrl)
                .perform()

        Assertions.assertEquals("SeleniumSelenium!", textField.getAttribute("value"))
    }
}

复制粘贴

下面是使用上述所有方法执行复制/粘贴操作的示例. 请注意, 用于此操作的键位会有所不同, 具体取决于它是否是 Mac OS. 此代码将以文本收尾: SeleniumSelenium!

        Keys cmdCtrl = Platform.getCurrent().is(Platform.MAC) ? Keys.COMMAND : Keys.CONTROL;

        WebElement textField = driver.findElement(By.id("textInput"));
        new Actions(driver)
                .sendKeys(textField, "Selenium!")
                .sendKeys(Keys.ARROW_LEFT)
                .keyDown(Keys.SHIFT)
                .sendKeys(Keys.ARROW_UP)
                .keyUp(Keys.SHIFT)
                .keyDown(cmdCtrl)
                .sendKeys("xvv")
                .keyUp(cmdCtrl)
                .perform();

        Assertions.assertEquals("SeleniumSelenium!", textField.getAttribute("value"));

/examples/java/src/test/java/dev/selenium/actions_api/KeysTest.java

package dev.selenium.actions_api;

import dev.selenium.BaseChromeTest;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.Keys;
import org.openqa.selenium.Platform;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions;

public class KeysTest extends BaseChromeTest {
    @Test
    public void keyDown() {
        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html");

        new Actions(driver)
                .keyDown(Keys.SHIFT)
                .sendKeys("a")
                .perform();

        WebElement textField = driver.findElement(By.id("textInput"));
        Assertions.assertEquals("A", textField.getAttribute("value"));
    }

    @Test
    public void keyUp() {
        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html");

        new Actions(driver)
                .keyDown(Keys.SHIFT)
                .sendKeys("a")
                .keyUp(Keys.SHIFT)
                .sendKeys("b")
                .perform();

        WebElement textField = driver.findElement(By.id("textInput"));
        Assertions.assertEquals("Ab", textField.getAttribute("value"));
    }

    @Test
    public void sendKeysToActiveElement() {
        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html");

        new Actions(driver)
                .sendKeys("abc")
                .perform();

        WebElement textField = driver.findElement(By.id("textInput"));
        Assertions.assertEquals("abc", textField.getAttribute("value"));
    }

    @Test
    public void sendKeysToDesignatedElement() {
        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html");
        driver.findElement(By.tagName("body")).click();

        WebElement textField = driver.findElement(By.id("textInput"));
        new Actions(driver)
                .sendKeys(textField, "Selenium!")
                .perform();

        Assertions.assertEquals("Selenium!", textField.getAttribute("value"));
    }

    @Test
    public void copyAndPaste() {
        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html");

        Keys cmdCtrl = Platform.getCurrent().is(Platform.MAC) ? Keys.COMMAND : Keys.CONTROL;

        WebElement textField = driver.findElement(By.id("textInput"));
        new Actions(driver)
                .sendKeys(textField, "Selenium!")
                .sendKeys(Keys.ARROW_LEFT)
                .keyDown(Keys.SHIFT)
                .sendKeys(Keys.ARROW_UP)
                .keyUp(Keys.SHIFT)
                .keyDown(cmdCtrl)
                .sendKeys("xvv")
                .keyUp(cmdCtrl)
                .perform();

        Assertions.assertEquals("SeleniumSelenium!", textField.getAttribute("value"));
    }
}

    cmd_ctrl = Keys.COMMAND if sys.platform == 'darwin' else Keys.CONTROL

    ActionChains(driver)\
        .send_keys("Selenium!")\
        .send_keys(Keys.ARROW_LEFT)\
        .key_down(Keys.SHIFT)\
        .send_keys(Keys.ARROW_UP)\
        .key_up(Keys.SHIFT)\
        .key_down(cmd_ctrl)\
        .send_keys("xvv")\
        .key_up(cmd_ctrl)\
        .perform()

/examples/python/tests/actions_api/test_keys.py

import sys

from selenium.webdriver import Keys, ActionChains
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By


def test_key_down(driver):
    driver.get('https://selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html')

    ActionChains(driver)\
        .key_down(Keys.SHIFT)\
        .send_keys("abc")\
        .perform()

    assert driver.find_element(By.ID, "textInput").get_attribute('value') == "ABC"


def test_key_up(driver):
    driver.get('https://selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html')

    ActionChains(driver)\
        .key_down(Keys.SHIFT)\
        .send_keys("a")\
        .key_up(Keys.SHIFT)\
        .send_keys("b")\
        .perform()

    assert driver.find_element(By.ID, "textInput").get_attribute('value') == "Ab"


def test_send_keys_to_active_element(driver):
    driver.get('https://selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html')

    ActionChains(driver)\
        .send_keys("abc")\
        .perform()

    assert driver.find_element(By.ID, "textInput").get_attribute('value') == "abc"


def test_send_keys_to_designated_element(driver):
    driver.get('https://selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html')
    driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, "body").click()

    text_input = driver.find_element(By.ID, "textInput")
    ActionChains(driver)\
        .send_keys_to_element(text_input, "abc")\
        .perform()

    assert driver.find_element(By.ID, "textInput").get_attribute('value') == "abc"


def test_copy_and_paste(firefox_driver):
    driver = firefox_driver
    driver.get('https://selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html')
    cmd_ctrl = Keys.COMMAND if sys.platform == 'darwin' else Keys.CONTROL

    ActionChains(driver)\
        .send_keys("Selenium!")\
        .send_keys(Keys.ARROW_LEFT)\
        .key_down(Keys.SHIFT)\
        .send_keys(Keys.ARROW_UP)\
        .key_up(Keys.SHIFT)\
        .key_down(cmd_ctrl)\
        .send_keys("xvv")\
        .key_up(cmd_ctrl)\
        .perform()

    assert driver.find_element(By.ID, "textInput").get_attribute('value') == "SeleniumSelenium!"


            var capabilities = ((WebDriver)driver).Capabilities;
            String platformName = (string)capabilities.GetCapability("platformName");

            String cmdCtrl = platformName.Contains("mac") ? Keys.Command : Keys.Control;

            new Actions(driver)
                .SendKeys("Selenium!")
                .SendKeys(Keys.ArrowLeft)
                .KeyDown(Keys.Shift)
                .SendKeys(Keys.ArrowUp)

/examples/dotnet/SeleniumDocs/ActionsAPI/KeysTest.cs

using System;
using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;
using OpenQA.Selenium;
using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions;

namespace SeleniumDocs.ActionsAPI
{
    [TestClass]
    public class KeysTest : BaseFirefoxTest
    {
        [TestMethod]
        public void KeyDown()
        {
            driver.Url = "https://selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html";

            new Actions(driver)
                .KeyDown(Keys.Shift)
                .SendKeys("a")
                .Perform();

            IWebElement textField = driver.FindElement(By.Id("textInput"));
            Assert.AreEqual("A", textField.GetAttribute("value"));
        }

        [TestMethod]
        public void KeyUp()
        {
            driver.Url = "https://selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html";

            new Actions(driver)
                .KeyDown(Keys.Shift)
                .SendKeys("a")
                .KeyUp(Keys.Shift)
                .SendKeys("b")
                .Perform();

            IWebElement textField = driver.FindElement(By.Id("textInput"));
            Assert.AreEqual("Ab", textField.GetAttribute("value"));
        }
        
        [TestMethod]
        public void SendKeysToActiveElement()
        {
            driver.Url = "https://selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html";

            new Actions(driver)
                .SendKeys("abc")
                .Perform();

            IWebElement textField = driver.FindElement(By.Id("textInput"));
            Assert.AreEqual("abc", textField.GetAttribute("value"));
        }
        
        [TestMethod]
        public void SendKeysToDesignatedElement()
        {
            driver.Url = "https://selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html";
            driver.FindElement(By.TagName("body")).Click();
            
            IWebElement textField = driver.FindElement(By.Id("textInput"));
            new Actions(driver)
                .SendKeys(textField, "abc")
                .Perform();

            Assert.AreEqual("abc", textField.GetAttribute("value"));
        }

        [TestMethod]
        public void CopyAndPaste()
        {
            driver.Url = "https://selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html";

            var capabilities = ((WebDriver)driver).Capabilities;
            String platformName = (string)capabilities.GetCapability("platformName");

            String cmdCtrl = platformName.Contains("mac") ? Keys.Command : Keys.Control;

            new Actions(driver)
                .SendKeys("Selenium!")
                .SendKeys(Keys.ArrowLeft)
                .KeyDown(Keys.Shift)
                .SendKeys(Keys.ArrowUp)
                .KeyUp(Keys.Shift)
                .KeyDown(cmdCtrl)
                .SendKeys("xvv")
                .KeyUp(cmdCtrl)
                .Perform();

            IWebElement textField = driver.FindElement(By.Id("textInput"));
            Assert.AreEqual("SeleniumSelenium!", textField.GetAttribute("value"));
        }
    }
}

    driver.action
          .send_keys('Selenium!')
          .send_keys(:arrow_left)
          .key_down(:shift)
          .send_keys(:arrow_up)
          .key_up(:shift)
          .key_down(cmd_ctrl)
          .send_keys('xvv')
          .key_up(cmd_ctrl)
          .perform

/examples/ruby/spec/actions_api/keys_spec.rb

# frozen_string_literal: true

require 'spec_helper'

RSpec.describe 'Keys' do
  let(:driver) { start_session }
  let(:wait) { Selenium::WebDriver::Wait.new(timeout: 2) }

  it 'key down' do
    driver.get 'https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html'
    wait.until { driver.find_element(id: 'textInput').attribute('autofocus') }

    driver.action
          .key_down(:shift)
          .send_keys('a')
          .perform

    expect(driver.find_element(id: 'textInput').attribute('value')).to eq 'A'
  end

  it 'key up' do
    driver.get 'https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html'
    wait.until { driver.find_element(id: 'textInput').attribute('autofocus') }

    driver.action
          .key_down(:shift)
          .send_keys('a')
          .key_up(:shift)
          .send_keys('b')
          .perform

    expect(driver.find_element(id: 'textInput').attribute('value')).to eq 'Ab'
  end

  it 'sends keys to active element' do
    driver.get 'https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html'
    wait.until { driver.find_element(id: 'textInput').attribute('autofocus') }

    driver.action
          .send_keys('abc')
          .perform

    expect(driver.find_element(id: 'textInput').attribute('value')).to eq 'abc'
  end

  it 'sends keys to designated element' do
    driver.get 'https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html'
    driver.find_element(tag_name: 'body').click
    wait.until { driver.find_element(id: 'textInput').attribute('autofocus') }

    text_field = driver.find_element(id: 'textInput')
    driver.action
          .send_keys(text_field, 'Selenium!')
          .perform

    expect(text_field.attribute('value')).to eq 'Selenium!'
  end

  it 'copy and paste' do
    driver.get 'https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html'
    wait.until { driver.find_element(id: 'textInput').attribute('autofocus') }

    cmd_ctrl = driver.capabilities.platform_name.include?('mac') ? :command : :control
    driver.action
          .send_keys('Selenium!')
          .send_keys(:arrow_left)
          .key_down(:shift)
          .send_keys(:arrow_up)
          .key_up(:shift)
          .key_down(cmd_ctrl)
          .send_keys('xvv')
          .key_up(cmd_ctrl)
          .perform

    expect(driver.find_element(id: 'textInput').attribute('value')).to eq 'SeleniumSelenium!'
  end
end

    const cmdCtrl = platform.includes('darwin') ? Key.COMMAND : Key.CONTROL

    await driver.actions()
      .click(textField)
      .sendKeys('Selenium!')
      .sendKeys(Key.ARROW_LEFT)
      .keyDown(Key.SHIFT)
      .sendKeys(Key.ARROW_UP)
      .keyUp(Key.SHIFT)
      .keyDown(cmdCtrl)
      .sendKeys('xvv')
      .keyUp(cmdCtrl)
      .perform()

/examples/javascript/test/actionsApi/keysTest.spec.js

const { By, Key, Browser, Builder} = require('selenium-webdriver')
const assert = require('assert')
const { platform } = require('node:process')

describe('Keyboard Action - Keys test', function() {
  let driver

  before(async function() {
    driver = await new Builder().forBrowser('chrome').build();
  })

  after(async () => await driver.quit())

  it('KeyDown', async function() {
    await driver.get('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html')

    await driver.actions()
      .keyDown(Key.SHIFT)
      .sendKeys('a')
      .perform()

    const textField = driver.findElement(By.id('textInput'))
    assert.deepStrictEqual(await textField.getAttribute('value'), 'A')
  })

  it('KeyUp', async function() {
    await driver.get('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html')

    const textField = driver.findElement(By.id('textInput'))
    await textField.click()

    await driver.actions()
      .keyDown(Key.SHIFT)
      .sendKeys('a')
      .keyUp(Key.SHIFT)
      .sendKeys('b')
      .perform()

    assert.deepStrictEqual(await textField.getAttribute('value'), 'Ab')
  })

  it('sendKeys', async function() {
    await driver.get('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html')

    const textField = driver.findElement(By.id('textInput'))
    await textField.click()

    await driver.actions()
      .sendKeys('abc')
      .perform()

    assert.deepStrictEqual(await textField.getAttribute('value'), 'abc')
  })

  it('Designated Element', async function() {
    await driver.get('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html')

    await driver.findElement(By.css('body')).click()
    const textField = await driver.findElement(By.id('textInput'))

    await driver.actions()
      .sendKeys(textField, 'abc')
      .perform()

    assert.deepStrictEqual(await textField.getAttribute('value'), 'abc')
  })

  it('Copy and Paste', async function() {
    await driver.get('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html')

    const textField = await driver.findElement(By.id('textInput'))

    const cmdCtrl = platform.includes('darwin') ? Key.COMMAND : Key.CONTROL

    await driver.actions()
      .click(textField)
      .sendKeys('Selenium!')
      .sendKeys(Key.ARROW_LEFT)
      .keyDown(Key.SHIFT)
      .sendKeys(Key.ARROW_UP)
      .keyUp(Key.SHIFT)
      .keyDown(cmdCtrl)
      .sendKeys('xvv')
      .keyUp(cmdCtrl)
      .perform()

    assert.deepStrictEqual(await textField.getAttribute('value'), 'SeleniumSelenium!')
  })
})


        val textField = driver.findElement(By.id("textInput"))
        Actions(driver)
                .sendKeys(textField, "Selenium!")
                .sendKeys(Keys.ARROW_LEFT)
                .keyDown(Keys.SHIFT)
                .sendKeys(Keys.ARROW_UP)
                .keyUp(Keys.SHIFT)
                .keyDown(cmdCtrl)
                .sendKeys("xvv")
                .keyUp(cmdCtrl)
                .perform()

/examples/kotlin/src/test/kotlin/dev/selenium/actions_api/KeysTest.kt

package dev.selenium.actions_api

import dev.selenium.BaseTest
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test
import org.openqa.selenium.By
import org.openqa.selenium.HasCapabilities
import org.openqa.selenium.Keys
import org.openqa.selenium.Platform
import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions

class KeysTest : BaseTest() {

    @Test
    fun keyDown() {
        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html")

        Actions(driver)
                .keyDown(Keys.SHIFT)
                .sendKeys("a")
                .perform()

        val textField = driver.findElement(By.id("textInput"))
        Assertions.assertEquals("A", textField.getAttribute("value"))
    }

    @Test
    fun keyUp() {
        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html")

        Actions(driver)
                .keyDown(Keys.SHIFT)
                .sendKeys("a")
                .keyUp(Keys.SHIFT)
                .sendKeys("b")
                .perform()

        val textField = driver.findElement(By.id("textInput"))
        Assertions.assertEquals("Ab", textField.getAttribute("value"))
    }

    @Test
    fun sendKeysToActiveElement() {
        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html")

        Actions(driver)
                .sendKeys("abc")
                .perform()

        val textField = driver.findElement(By.id("textInput"))
        Assertions.assertEquals("abc", textField.getAttribute("value"))
    }

    @Test
    fun sendKeysToDesignatedElement() {
        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html")
        driver.findElement(By.tagName("body")).click()

        val textField = driver.findElement(By.id("textInput"))
        Actions(driver)
                .sendKeys(textField, "Selenium!")
                .perform()

        Assertions.assertEquals("Selenium!", textField.getAttribute("value"))
    }

    @Test
    fun copyAndPaste() {
        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html")

        val platformName = (driver as HasCapabilities).getCapabilities().getPlatformName()

        val cmdCtrl = if(platformName == Platform.MAC) Keys.COMMAND else Keys.CONTROL

        val textField = driver.findElement(By.id("textInput"))
        Actions(driver)
                .sendKeys(textField, "Selenium!")
                .sendKeys(Keys.ARROW_LEFT)
                .keyDown(Keys.SHIFT)
                .sendKeys(Keys.ARROW_UP)
                .keyUp(Keys.SHIFT)
                .keyDown(cmdCtrl)
                .sendKeys("xvv")
                .keyUp(cmdCtrl)
                .perform()

        Assertions.assertEquals("SeleniumSelenium!", textField.getAttribute("value"))
    }
}

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