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Organizing and Executing Selenium Code

Scaling Selenium execution with an IDE and a Test Runner library

This section needs additional and/or updated content

This page is very incomplete and has placeholders for things that need to be added or expounded on.

Check our contribution guidelines if you’d like to help.

If you want to run more than a handful of one-off scripts, you need to be able to organize and work with your code. This page should give you ideas for how to actually do productive things with your Selenium code.

Most people use Selenium to execute automated tests for web applications, but Selenium supports any use case of browser automation.

Perhaps you need to log into a website and download something, or submit a form. You can create a Selenium script to run with a service at preset times.

Are you looking to collect data from a site that doesn’t have an API? Selenium will let you do this, but please make sure you are familiar with the website’s terms of service as some websites do not permit it and others will even block Selenium.

Running Selenium for testing requires making assertions on actions taken by Selenium. So a good assertion library is required. Additional features to provide structure for tests require use of Test Runner.

Regardless of how you use Selenium code, you won’t be very effective writing or executing it without a good Integrated Developer Environment. Here are some common options…

• Eclipse
• IntelliJ IDEA
• PyCharm
• RubyMine
• Rider
• WebStorm
• VS Code

Even if you aren’t using Selenium for testing, if you have advanced use cases, it might make sense to use a test runner to better organize your code. Being able to use before/after hooks and run things in groups or in parallel can be very useful.

There are many different test runners available.

All the code examples in this documentation can be found in (or is being moved to) our example directories that use test runners and get executed every release to ensure all the code is correct and updated. Here is a list of test runners with links. The first item is the one that is used by this repository and the one that will be used for all examples on this page.

• JUnit - A widely-used testing framework for Java-based Selenium tests.
• TestNG - Offers extra features like parallel test execution and parameterized tests.

• pytest - A preferred choice for many, thanks to its simplicity and powerful plugins.
• unittest - Python’s standard library testing framework.

• NUnit - A popular unit-testing framework for .NET.
• MS Test - Microsoft’s own unit testing framework.

• RSpec - The most widely used testing library for running Selenium tests in Ruby.
• Minitest - A lightweight testing framework that comes with Ruby standard library.

• Jest - Primarily known as a testing framework for React, it can also be used for Selenium tests.
• Mocha - The most common JS library for running Selenium tests.

• Kotest - A flexible and comprehensive testing framework specifically designed for Kotlin.
• JUnit5 - The standard Java testing framework, fully compatible with Kotlin.

This is very similar to what was required in Install a Selenium Library. This code is only showing examples for what is being used in our Documentation Examples project.

To use it in a project, add it to the requirements.txt file:

in the project’s csproj file, specify the dependency as a PackageReference in ItemGroup:

Add to project’s gemfile

In your project’s package.json, add requirement to dependencies:

		String title = driver.getTitle();
		assertEquals("Web form", title);

package dev.selenium.getting_started;

import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;

import java.time.Duration;

import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterEach;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;

public class UsingSeleniumTest {

	WebDriver driver;

	@BeforeEach
	public void setup() {
		driver = new ChromeDriver();
	}

	@Test
	public void eightComponents() {

		driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(Duration.ofMillis(500));
		driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html");

		String title = driver.getTitle();
		assertEquals("Web form", title);

		WebElement textBox = driver.findElement(By.name("my-text"));
		WebElement submitButton = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("button"));

		textBox.sendKeys("Selenium");
		submitButton.click();

		WebElement message = driver.findElement(By.id("message"));
		String value = message.getText();
		assertEquals("Received!", value);

	}

	@AfterEach
	public void teardown() {
		driver.quit();
	}

}

    title = driver.title
    assert title == "Web form"

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By


def test_eight_components():
    driver = setup()

    title = driver.title
    assert title == "Web form"

    driver.implicitly_wait(0.5)

    text_box = driver.find_element(by=By.NAME, value="my-text")
    submit_button = driver.find_element(by=By.CSS_SELECTOR, value="button")

    text_box.send_keys("Selenium")
    submit_button.click()

    message = driver.find_element(by=By.ID, value="message")
    value = message.text
    assert value == "Received!"

    teardown(driver)

def setup():
    driver = webdriver.Chrome()
    driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html")
    return driver

def teardown(driver):
    driver.quit()

            var title = driver.Title;
            Assert.AreEqual("Web form", title);

using System;
using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;
using OpenQA.Selenium;
using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome;

namespace SeleniumDocs.GettingStarted
{
    [TestClass]
    public class UsingSeleniumTest
    {

        [TestMethod]
        public void EightComponents()
        {
            IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();

            driver.Navigate().GoToUrl("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html");

            var title = driver.Title;
            Assert.AreEqual("Web form", title);

            driver.Manage().Timeouts().ImplicitWait = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(500);

            var textBox = driver.FindElement(By.Name("my-text"));
            var submitButton = driver.FindElement(By.TagName("button"));
            
            textBox.SendKeys("Selenium");
            submitButton.Click();
            
            var message = driver.FindElement(By.Id("message"));
            var value = message.Text;
            Assert.AreEqual("Received!", value);
            
            driver.Quit();
        }
    }
}

    title = @driver.title
    expect(title).to eq('Web form')

# frozen_string_literal: true

require 'spec_helper'
require 'selenium-webdriver'

RSpec.describe 'Using Selenium' do
  before do
    @driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome
  end

  it 'uses eight components' do
    @driver.get('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html')

    title = @driver.title
    expect(title).to eq('Web form')

    @driver.manage.timeouts.implicit_wait = 500

    text_box = @driver.find_element(name: 'my-text')
    submit_button = @driver.find_element(tag_name: 'button')

    text_box.send_keys('Selenium')
    submit_button.click

    message = @driver.find_element(id: 'message')
    value = message.text
    expect(value).to eq('Received!')
  end
end

    let title = await driver.getTitle();
    assert.equal("Web form", title);

const {By, Builder} = require('selenium-webdriver');
const assert = require("assert");

describe('First script', function () {
  let driver;

  before(async function () {
    driver = await new Builder().forBrowser('chrome').build();
  });

  it('First Selenium script with mocha', async function () {
    await driver.get('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html');

    let title = await driver.getTitle();
    assert.equal("Web form", title);

    await driver.manage().setTimeouts({implicit: 500});

    let textBox = await driver.findElement(By.name('my-text'));
    let submitButton = await driver.findElement(By.css('button'));

    await textBox.sendKeys('Selenium');
    await submitButton.click();

    let message = await driver.findElement(By.id('message'));
    let value = await message.getText();
    assert.equal("Received!", value);
  });

  after(async () => await driver.quit());
});

Add Example

	@BeforeEach
	public void setup() {
		driver = new ChromeDriver();
	}

package dev.selenium.getting_started;

import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;

import java.time.Duration;

import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterEach;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;

public class UsingSeleniumTest {

	WebDriver driver;

	@BeforeEach
	public void setup() {
		driver = new ChromeDriver();
	}

	@Test
	public void eightComponents() {

		driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(Duration.ofMillis(500));
		driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html");

		String title = driver.getTitle();
		assertEquals("Web form", title);

		WebElement textBox = driver.findElement(By.name("my-text"));
		WebElement submitButton = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("button"));

		textBox.sendKeys("Selenium");
		submitButton.click();

		WebElement message = driver.findElement(By.id("message"));
		String value = message.getText();
		assertEquals("Received!", value);

	}

	@AfterEach
	public void teardown() {
		driver.quit();
	}

}

	@AfterEach
	public void teardown() {
		driver.quit();
	}

package dev.selenium.getting_started;

import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;

import java.time.Duration;

import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterEach;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;

public class UsingSeleniumTest {

	WebDriver driver;

	@BeforeEach
	public void setup() {
		driver = new ChromeDriver();
	}

	@Test
	public void eightComponents() {

		driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(Duration.ofMillis(500));
		driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html");

		String title = driver.getTitle();
		assertEquals("Web form", title);

		WebElement textBox = driver.findElement(By.name("my-text"));
		WebElement submitButton = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("button"));

		textBox.sendKeys("Selenium");
		submitButton.click();

		WebElement message = driver.findElement(By.id("message"));
		String value = message.getText();
		assertEquals("Received!", value);

	}

	@AfterEach
	public void teardown() {
		driver.quit();
	}

}

def setup():
    driver = webdriver.Chrome()
    driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html")
    return driver

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By


def test_eight_components():
    driver = setup()

    title = driver.title
    assert title == "Web form"

    driver.implicitly_wait(0.5)

    text_box = driver.find_element(by=By.NAME, value="my-text")
    submit_button = driver.find_element(by=By.CSS_SELECTOR, value="button")

    text_box.send_keys("Selenium")
    submit_button.click()

    message = driver.find_element(by=By.ID, value="message")
    value = message.text
    assert value == "Received!"

    teardown(driver)

def setup():
    driver = webdriver.Chrome()
    driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html")
    return driver

def teardown(driver):
    driver.quit()

def teardown(driver):
    driver.quit()

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By


def test_eight_components():
    driver = setup()

    title = driver.title
    assert title == "Web form"

    driver.implicitly_wait(0.5)

    text_box = driver.find_element(by=By.NAME, value="my-text")
    submit_button = driver.find_element(by=By.CSS_SELECTOR, value="button")

    text_box.send_keys("Selenium")
    submit_button.click()

    message = driver.find_element(by=By.ID, value="message")
    value = message.text
    assert value == "Received!"

    teardown(driver)

def setup():
    driver = webdriver.Chrome()
    driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html")
    return driver

def teardown(driver):
    driver.quit()

Add Example

  before do
    @driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome
  end

# frozen_string_literal: true

require 'spec_helper'
require 'selenium-webdriver'

RSpec.describe 'Using Selenium' do
  before do
    @driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome
  end

  it 'uses eight components' do
    @driver.get('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html')

    title = @driver.title
    expect(title).to eq('Web form')

    @driver.manage.timeouts.implicit_wait = 500

    text_box = @driver.find_element(name: 'my-text')
    submit_button = @driver.find_element(tag_name: 'button')

    text_box.send_keys('Selenium')
    submit_button.click

    message = @driver.find_element(id: 'message')
    value = message.text
    expect(value).to eq('Received!')
  end
end

  config.after { @driver&.quit }

# frozen_string_literal: true

require 'selenium-webdriver'
require 'selenium/webdriver/support/guards'

RSpec.configure do |config|
  # Enable flags like --only-failures and --next-failure
  config.example_status_persistence_file_path = '.rspec_status'

  # Disable RSpec exposing methods globally on `Module` and `main`
  config.disable_monkey_patching!
  Dir.mktmpdir('tmp')
  config.example_status_persistence_file_path = 'tmp/examples.txt'

  config.expect_with :rspec do |c|
    c.syntax = :expect
  end

  config.before do |example|
    bug_tracker = 'https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/issues'
    guards = Selenium::WebDriver::Support::Guards.new(example,
                                                      bug_tracker: bug_tracker)
    guards.add_condition(:platform, Selenium::WebDriver::Platform.os)
    guards.add_condition(:ci, Selenium::WebDriver::Platform.ci)

    results = guards.disposition
    send(*results) if results
  end

  config.after { @driver&.quit }

  def start_session
    options = Selenium::WebDriver::Chrome::Options.new
    options.add_argument('disable-search-engine-choice-screen')
    options.add_argument('--no-sandbox')
    @driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:chrome, options: options)
  end

  def start_bidi_session
    options = Selenium::WebDriver::Chrome::Options.new(web_socket_url: true)
    @driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome, options: options
  end

  def start_firefox
    options = Selenium::WebDriver::Options.firefox(timeouts: {implicit: 1500})
    @driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox, options: options
  end
end

### Set Up

  before(async function () {
    driver = await new Builder().forBrowser('chrome').build();
  });

const {By, Builder} = require('selenium-webdriver');
const assert = require("assert");

describe('First script', function () {
  let driver;

  before(async function () {
    driver = await new Builder().forBrowser('chrome').build();
  });

  it('First Selenium script with mocha', async function () {
    await driver.get('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html');

    let title = await driver.getTitle();
    assert.equal("Web form", title);

    await driver.manage().setTimeouts({implicit: 500});

    let textBox = await driver.findElement(By.name('my-text'));
    let submitButton = await driver.findElement(By.css('button'));

    await textBox.sendKeys('Selenium');
    await submitButton.click();

    let message = await driver.findElement(By.id('message'));
    let value = await message.getText();
    assert.equal("Received!", value);
  });

  after(async () => await driver.quit());
});

### Tear Down

  after(async () => await driver.quit());

const {By, Builder} = require('selenium-webdriver');
const assert = require("assert");

describe('First script', function () {
  let driver;

  before(async function () {
    driver = await new Builder().forBrowser('chrome').build();
  });

  it('First Selenium script with mocha', async function () {
    await driver.get('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html');

    let title = await driver.getTitle();
    assert.equal("Web form", title);

    await driver.manage().setTimeouts({implicit: 500});

    let textBox = await driver.findElement(By.name('my-text'));
    let submitButton = await driver.findElement(By.css('button'));

    await textBox.sendKeys('Selenium');
    await submitButton.click();

    let message = await driver.findElement(By.id('message'));
    let value = await message.getText();
    assert.equal("Received!", value);
  });

  after(async () => await driver.quit());
});

Add Example

# Running tests from Selenium Python examples

#### 1. Clone this repository

```
git clone https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io.git
```

#### 2. Navigate to `python` directory

```
cd seleniumhq.github.io/examples/python
```

#### 3. Create a virtual environment

- On Windows:

```
py -m venv venv
venv\Scripts\activate
```

- On Linux/Mac:

```
python3 -m venv venv
source venv/bin/activate
```

#### 4. Install dependencies:

```
pip install -r requirements.txt
```

> for help, see: https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/tutorials/installing-packages

#### 5. Run tests

- Run all tests with the default Python interpreter:

```
pytest
```

- Run all tests with every installed/supported Python interpreter:

```
tox
```

> Please have some patience - If you are doing it for the first time, it will take a little while to download the browser drivers

- Run a specific example:

```
pytest path/to/test_script.py
```

> Make sure to replace `path/to/test_script.py` with the path and name of the example you want to run

Add Example

# Running all tests from Selenium ruby example

Follow these steps to run all test example from selenium ruby

1. Clone this repository

```
git clone https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io.git
```

2. Navigate to `ruby` directory

```
cd seleniumhq.github.io/examples/ruby
```

3. Install dependencies using bundler

```
bundler install
```

4. Run all tests

```
bundle exec rspec
```

> Please keep some patience - If you are doing it for the first time, it will take a little while to verify and download the browser drivers

# Execute a ruby script

Use this command to run a ruby script and follow the first script example

```
ruby example_script.rb
```

mocha runningTests.spec.js

npx mocha runningTests.spec.js

Add Example

In First script, we saw each of the components of a Selenium script. Here’s an example of that code using a test runner:

package dev.selenium.getting_started;

import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;

import java.time.Duration;

import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterEach;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;

public class UsingSeleniumTest {

	WebDriver driver;

	@BeforeEach
	public void setup() {
		driver = new ChromeDriver();
	}

	@Test
	public void eightComponents() {

		driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(Duration.ofMillis(500));
		driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html");

		String title = driver.getTitle();
		assertEquals("Web form", title);

		WebElement textBox = driver.findElement(By.name("my-text"));
		WebElement submitButton = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("button"));

		textBox.sendKeys("Selenium");
		submitButton.click();

		WebElement message = driver.findElement(By.id("message"));
		String value = message.getText();
		assertEquals("Received!", value);

	}

	@AfterEach
	public void teardown() {
		driver.quit();
	}

}

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By


def test_eight_components():
    driver = setup()

    title = driver.title
    assert title == "Web form"

    driver.implicitly_wait(0.5)

    text_box = driver.find_element(by=By.NAME, value="my-text")
    submit_button = driver.find_element(by=By.CSS_SELECTOR, value="button")

    text_box.send_keys("Selenium")
    submit_button.click()

    message = driver.find_element(by=By.ID, value="message")
    value = message.text
    assert value == "Received!"

    teardown(driver)

def setup():
    driver = webdriver.Chrome()
    driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html")
    return driver

def teardown(driver):
    driver.quit()

using System;
using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;
using OpenQA.Selenium;
using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome;

namespace SeleniumDocs.GettingStarted
{
    [TestClass]
    public class UsingSeleniumTest
    {

        [TestMethod]
        public void EightComponents()
        {
            IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();

            driver.Navigate().GoToUrl("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html");

            var title = driver.Title;
            Assert.AreEqual("Web form", title);

            driver.Manage().Timeouts().ImplicitWait = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(500);

            var textBox = driver.FindElement(By.Name("my-text"));
            var submitButton = driver.FindElement(By.TagName("button"));
            
            textBox.SendKeys("Selenium");
            submitButton.Click();
            
            var message = driver.FindElement(By.Id("message"));
            var value = message.Text;
            Assert.AreEqual("Received!", value);
            
            driver.Quit();
        }
    }
}

# frozen_string_literal: true

require 'spec_helper'
require 'selenium-webdriver'

RSpec.describe 'Using Selenium' do
  before do
    @driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome
  end

  it 'uses eight components' do
    @driver.get('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html')

    title = @driver.title
    expect(title).to eq('Web form')

    @driver.manage.timeouts.implicit_wait = 500

    text_box = @driver.find_element(name: 'my-text')
    submit_button = @driver.find_element(tag_name: 'button')

    text_box.send_keys('Selenium')
    submit_button.click

    message = @driver.find_element(id: 'message')
    value = message.text
    expect(value).to eq('Received!')
  end
end

const {By, Builder} = require('selenium-webdriver');
const assert = require("assert");

describe('First script', function () {
  let driver;

  before(async function () {
    driver = await new Builder().forBrowser('chrome').build();
  });

  it('First Selenium script with mocha', async function () {
    await driver.get('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html');

    let title = await driver.getTitle();
    assert.equal("Web form", title);

    await driver.manage().setTimeouts({implicit: 500});

    let textBox = await driver.findElement(By.name('my-text'));
    let submitButton = await driver.findElement(By.css('button'));

    await textBox.sendKeys('Selenium');
    await submitButton.click();

    let message = await driver.findElement(By.id('message'));
    let value = await message.getText();
    assert.equal("Received!", value);
  });

  after(async () => await driver.quit());
});

Add Example

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