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hooks - npm

Add pre and post middleware hooks to your JavaScript methods.

npm install hooks

Suppose you have a JavaScript object with a save method.

It would be nice to be able to declare code that runs before save and after save. For example, you might want to run validation code before every save, and you might want to dispatch a job to a background job queue after save.

One might have an urge to hard code this all into save, but that turns out to couple all these pieces of functionality (validation, save, and job creation) more tightly than is necessary. For example, what if someone does not want to do background job creation after the logical save?

It is nicer to tack on functionality using what we call pre and post hooks. These are functions that you define and that you direct to execute before or after particular methods.

We can use hooks to add validation and background jobs in the following way:

var hooks = require('hooks')
  , Document = require('./path/to/some/document/constructor');
 
for (var k in hooks) {
  Document[k] = hooks[k];
}
 
Document.hook('save', Document.prototype.save);
 
Document.pre('save', function validate (next) {
  
  
  if (this.isValid()) next();      
                                   
  else next(new Error("Invalid")); 
});
 
Document.post('save', function createJob (next) {
  this.sendToBackgroundQueue();
  next();
});

If you already have defined Document.prototype methods for which you want pres and posts, then you do not need to explicitly invoke Document.hook(...). Invoking Document.pre(methodName, fn) or Document.post(methodName, fn) will automatically and lazily change Document.prototype[methodName] so that it plays well with hooks. An equivalent way to implement the previous example is:

var hooks = require('hooks')
  , Document = require('./path/to/some/document/constructor');
 
for (var k in hooks) {
  Document[k] = hooks[k];
}
 
Document.prototype.save = function () {
  
};
 
Document.pre('save', function validate (next) {
  
  
  if (this.isValid()) next();      
                                   
  else next(new Error("Invalid")); 
});
 
Document.post('save', function createJob (next) {
  this.sendToBackgroundQueue();
  next();
});

We structure pres and posts as middleware to give you maximum flexibility:

1. You can define multiple pres (or posts) for a single method.
2. These pres (or posts) are then executed as a chain of methods.
3. Any functions in this middleware chain can choose to halt the chain's execution by nexting an Error from that middleware function. If this occurs, then none of the other middleware in the chain will execute, and the main method (e.g., save) will not execute. This is nice, for example, when we don't want a document to save if it is invalid.

pre and post are chainable, so you can define multiple via:

Document.pre('save', function (next) {
  console.log("hello");
  next();
}).pre('save', function (next) {
  console.log("world");
  next();
});
 
Document.post('save', function (next) {
  console.log("hello");
  next();
}).post('save', function (next) {
  console.log("world");
  next();
});

As soon as one pre finishes executing, the next one will be invoked, and so on.

You can define a default error handler by passing a 2nd function as the 3rd argument to hook:

Document.hook('set', function (path, val) {
  this[path] = val;
}, function (err) {
  
  console.error(err);
});

Then, we can pass errors to this handler from a pre or post middleware function:

Document.pre('set', function (next, path, val) {
  next(new Error());
});

If you do not set up a default handler, then hooks makes the default handler that just throws the Error.

The default error handler can be over-rided on a per method invocation basis.

If the main method that you are surrounding with pre and post middleware expects its last argument to be a function with callback signature function (error, ...), then that callback becomes the error handler, over-riding the default error handler you may have set up.

Document.hook('save', function (callback) {
  
  ...
});
 
var doc = new Document();
doc.save( function (err, saved) {
  
  if (err) console.error(err);
 
  
});

pre and post middleware can also accept the intended arguments for the method they augment. This is useful if you want to mutate the arguments before passing them along to the next middleware and eventually pass a mutated arguments list to the main method itself.

As a simple example, let's define a method set that just sets a key, value pair. If we want to namespace the key, we can do so by adding a pre middleware hook that runs before set, alters the arguments by namespacing the key argument, and passes them onto set:

Document.hook('set', function (key, val) {
  this[key] = val;
});
Document.pre('set', function (next, key, val) {
  next('namespace-' + key, val);
});
var doc = new Document();
doc.set('hello', 'world');
console.log(doc.hello); 
console.log(doc['namespace-hello']); 

As you can see above, we pass arguments via next.

If you are not mutating the arguments, then you can pass zero arguments to next, and the next middleware function will still have access to the arguments.

Document.hook('set', function (key, val) {
  this[key] = val;
});
Document.pre('set', function (next, key, val) {
  
  next(); 
});
Document.pre('set', function (next, key, val) {
  
  next();
});

Finally, you can add arguments that downstream middleware can also see:

Document.hook('set', function (key, val) {
  
  var options = arguments[2]; 
                              
  console.log(options); 
  this[key] = val;
});
Document.pre('set', function pre1 (next, key, val) {
  
  console.log(arguments.length); 
  next(key, val, {debug: true});
});
Document.pre('set', function pre2 (next, key, val, options) {
  console.log(arguments.length); 
  console.log(options); 
  next();
});
Document.pre('set', function pre3 (next, key, val, options) {
  
  console.log(arguments.length); 
  console.log(options); 
  next();
});
 
var doc = new Document()
doc.set('hey', 'there');

Post middleware intercepts the callback originally sent to the asynchronous function you have hooked to.

This means that the following chain of execution will occur in a typical save operation:

(1) doc.save -> (2) pre --(next)--> (3) save calls back -> (4) post --(next)--> (5) targetFn

Illustrated below:

Document.pre('save', function (next) {
  this.key = "value";
  next();
});
// Post handler occurs before `set` calls back. This is useful if we need to grab something
// async before `set` finishes.
Document.post('set', function (next) {
  var me = this;
  getSomethingAsync(function(value){ // let's assume it returns "Hello Async"
    me.key2 = value;
    next();
  });
});

var doc = new Document();
doc.save(function(err){
  console.log(this.key);  // "value" - this value was saved
  console.log(this.key2); // "Hello Async" - this value was *not* saved
}

Post middleware must call next() or execution will stop.

All middleware up to this point has been "serial" middleware -- i.e., middleware whose logic is executed as a serial chain.

Some scenarios call for parallel middleware -- i.e., middleware that can wait for several asynchronous services at once to respond.

For instance, you may only want to save a Document only after you have checked that the Document is valid according to two different remote services.

We accomplish asynchronous middleware by adding a second kind of flow control callback (the only flow control callback so far has been next), called done.

• next passes control to the next middleware in the chain
• done keeps track of how many parallel middleware have invoked done and passes control to the target method when ALL parallel middleware have invoked done. If you pass an Error to done, then the error is handled, and the main method that is wrapped by pres and posts will not get invoked.

We declare pre middleware that is parallel by passing a 3rd boolean argument to our pre definition method.

We illustrate via the parallel validation example mentioned above:

Document.hook('save', function targetFn (callback) {
  
  
  
});
 
                     
Document.pre('save', true, function preOne (next, doneOne, callback) {
  remoteServiceOne.validate(this.serialize(), function (err, isValid) {
    
    
    if (err) return doneOne(err);
    if (isValid) doneOne();
  });
  next(); 
});
 
Document.pre('save', true, function preTwo (next, doneTwo, callback) {
  remoteServiceTwo.validate(this.serialize(), function (err, isValid) {
    if (err) return doneTwo(err);
    if (isValid) doneTwo();
  });
  next();
});
 
Document.pre('save', function preThree (next, callback) {
  next();
});
 
var doc = new Document();
doc.save( function (err, doc) {
  
});

In the above example, flow control may happen in the following way:

(1) doc.save -> (2) preOne --(next)--> (3) preTwo --(next)--> (4) preThree --(next)--> (wait for dones to invoke) -> (5) doneTwo -> (6) doneOne -> (7) targetFn

So what's happening is that:

1. You call doc.save(...)
2. First, your preOne middleware gets executed. It makes a remote call to the validation service and next()s to the preTwo middleware.
3. Now, your preTwo middleware gets executed. It makes a remote call to another validation service and next()s to the preThree middleware.
4. Your preThree middleware gets executed. It immediately next()s. But nothing else gets executing until both doneOne and doneTwo are invoked inside the callbacks handling the response from the two valiation services.
5. We will suppose that validation remoteServiceTwo returns a response to us first. In this case, we call doneTwo inside the callback to remoteServiceTwo.
6. Some fractions of a second later, remoteServiceOne returns a response to us. In this case, we call doneOne inside the callback to remoteServiceOne.
7. hooks implementation keeps track of how many parallel middleware has been defined per target function. It detects that both asynchronous pre middlewares (preOne and preTwo) have finally called their done functions (doneOne and doneTwo), so the implementation finally invokes our targetFn (i.e., our core save business logic).

You can remove a particular pre associated with a hook:

Document.pre('set', someFn);
Document.removePre('set', someFn);

And you can also remove all pres associated with a hook: Document.removePre('set'); // Removes all declared pres on the hook 'set'

To run the tests: make test

• Brian Noguchi

MIT License

Brian Noguchi

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