Plaque buildup in the arteries starts with damage to the arteries. Risk factors such as unhealthy lifestyle habits, medical conditions, or your genes can cause this damage.
Inflammatory cells travel to the damaged areas of the artery and release chemical signals. These signals cause cholesterol and cell waste to collect at the damaged spots. This buildup attracts white blood cells that eat the cholesterol and clump together, forming plaque.
As the plaque grows, the artery narrows, reducing the flow of oxygen-rich blood to the limbs and organs. Over time, plaque can break up and flow into the bloodstream. This may lead to blood clots , which can block blood flow. If this happens, nearby tissue can't get enough oxygen and may die, causing a heart attack, stroke, or limb pain.
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