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A. This is a difficult question to answer. The word Nipmuc translates into English as 'Fresh Water People'. Before European colonization, Nipmucs did not live along the coastline of southern New England, but rather set up their villages along interior rivers, lakes and large swamps. Overland travel and communication was more difficult between areas removed from the coast or off the main waterways, but interior groups were not faced with the fierce territorial competition of coastal Tribes. Among the highly organized Tribes like the Pequot, Mohegan, Nehantic, Narragansett, Wampanoag and others, by European contact there was strict defense of traditional shellfishing beds and other coastal resources. It is not surprising that the Nipmuc and other interior groups would develop a unique social and political relationship, different from coastal groups. It is likely that the Nipmuc were organized into a loose confederation or alliance of related villages. This is not to say that the Nipmuc did not have a designated leader, only that a single leader would have difficulty managing the daily tribulations of a area covering hundreds of square miles. Villages or bands probably acted politically as a unit, making major decisions as a tribal unit, when faced with situations on a regional scale, but these villages were predominantly independent in their daily lives and subsistence activities. Today there is no single organized Nipmuc Tribe. There are however, several Nipmuc groups (such as the Hasinamisco and Chaubunagungamaug Bands in Massachusetts) which have survived the centuries and remain active in the Native American community.

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