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Tutorial: Atlas Device Sync for Flutter - Atlas App Services

Estimated time to complete: 30 minutes, depending on your experience with Flutter

The Atlas Device SDK for Flutter allows you to create a multi-platform applications with Dart and Flutter. This tutorial is based on the Flutter Flexible Sync Template App, named flutter.todo.flex, which illustrates the creation of a Todo application. This application enables users to:

• Register their email as a new user account.

• Sign in to their account with their email and password (and sign out later).

• View, create, modify, and delete task items.

• View all tasks, even where the user is not the owner.

The template app also provides a toggle that simulates the device being in "Offline Mode." This toggle lets you quickly test Device Sync functionality, emulating the user having no internet connection. However, you would likely remove this toggle in a production application.

This tutorial adds on to the template app. You will add a new priority field to the existing Item model and update the Flexible Sync subscription to only show items within a range of priorities.

This tutorial illustrates how you might adapt the template app for your own needs. You would not necessarily make this change given the current structure of the template app.

In this tutorial, you will learn how to:

• Update a Realm object model with a non-breaking change.

• Update a Device Sync subscription

• Add a queryable field to the Device Sync configuration on the server to change which data is synchronized.

If you prefer to get started with your own application rather than follow a guided tutorial, check out the Flutter Quick Start. It includes copyable code examples and the essential information that you need to set up a Flutter SDK application.

• You should have previous experience deploying a Flutter app to an Android Emulator, iOS Simulator, and/or a physical device.

• This tutorial starts with a Template App. You need an Atlas Account, an API key, and App Services CLI to create a Template App.

  • You can learn more about creating an Atlas account in the Atlas Getting Started documentation. For this tutorial, you need an Atlas account with a free-tier cluster.

  • You also need an Atlas API key for the MongoDB Cloud account you wish to log in with. You must be a Project Owner to create a Template App using App Services CLI.

  • To learn more about installing App Services CLI, see Install App Services CLI. After installing, run the login command using the API key for your Atlas project.

You can build this tutorial app on the following platforms:

• iOS

• Android

• macOS

• Windows

• Linux

The Flutter SDK does not support building web applications.

This tutorial is based on the Flutter Flexible Sync Template App named flutter.todo.flex. We start with the default app and build new features on it.

To learn more about the Template Apps, see Template Apps.

If you don't already have an Atlas account, sign-up to deploy a Template App.

Follow the procedure described in the Create an App Services App guide, and select Create App from Template. Select the Real-time Sync template. This creates an App Services App pre-configured to use with one of the Device Sync template app clients.

After you create a template app, the UI displays a modal labeled Get the Front-end Code for your Template. This modal provides instructions for downloading the template app client code as a .zip file or using App Services CLI to get the client.

After selecting the .zip or App Services CLI method, follow the on-screen instructions to get the client code. For this tutorial, select the Dart (Flutter) client code.

Unzip the downloaded app, and you will see the Flutter app.

The default Windows ZIP utility may show the .zip file as empty. If you encounter this, use one of the third-party zip programs that are available.

The appservices apps create command sets up the backend and creates a Flutter template app for you to use as a base for this tutorial.

Run the following command in a terminal window to create an app named "MyTutorialApp" that is deployed in the US-VA region with its environment set to "development" (instead of production or QA).

appservices app create \  --name MyTutorialApp \  --template flutter.todo.flex \  --deployment-model global \  --environment development

The command creates a new directory in your current path with the same name as the value of the --name flag.

You can fork and clone a GitHub repository that contains the Device Sync client code. The Flutter client code is available at https://github.com/mongodb/template-app-dart-flutter-todo.

If you use this process to get the client code, you must create a template app to use with the client. Follow the instructions at Create a Template App to use the Atlas App Services UI, App Services CLI, or Admin API to create a Device Sync backend template app.

Clone the repo and follow the instructions in the README to add the backend App ID to the Flutter app.

Open the Flutter app with your code editor.

If you downloaded the client as a .zip file or cloned the client GitHub repository, you must manually insert the App Services App ID in the appropriate place in your client. Follow the Configuration instructions in the client README.md to learn where to insert your App ID.

In your code editor, take a few minutes to explore how the project is organized. This is a standard multi-platform Flutter application that has been modified for our specific use. Specifically, the following files contain important uses of the Flutter SDK:

File

Purpose

lib/main.dart

Entry point into the app. Contains routing and state management.

lib/realm/schemas.dart

Defines Realm Database schema.

lib/realm/schemas.realm.dart

Generated Realm object class.

lib/realm/app_services.dart

Handles interaction with Atlas App Services.

lib/realm/realm_services.dart

Handles interaction with Realm Database and Atlas Device Sync.

lib/components/

Component parts of app featuring Flutter widgets.

lib/screens/

Pages of the app.

Without making any changes to the code, you should be able to run the app in either the Android emulator, iOS Simulator, physical mobile device, or desktop emulator.

First, install all dependencies by running the following in your terminal:

Then, attach to a device and run the Flutter application.

Once the app is running, register a new user account, and then add a new Item to your todo list.

Log in to MongoDB Atlas. In the Data Services tab, click on Browse Collections. In the list of databases, find and expand the todo database, and then the Item collection. You should see the document you created in this collection.

Now that you have confirmed everything is working as expected, we can add changes. In this tutorial, we have decided that we want to add a "priority" property to each Item so that we can filter Items by their priorities.

To do this, follow these steps:

1. In the flutter.todo.flex project, open the file lib/realm/schemas.dart.

2. Add the following property to the _Item class:

3. Regenerate the Item Realm object class:

1. In lib/realm/realm_services.dart, add logic to set and update priority. Also add a PriorityLevel abstract class below the RealmServices class to constrain the possible values.

   lib/realm/realm_services.dart

   class RealmServices with ChangeNotifier {  static const String queryAllName = "getAllItemsSubscription";  static const String queryMyItemsName = "getMyItemsSubscription";  bool showAll = false;  bool offlineModeOn = false;  bool isWaiting = false;  late Realm realm;  User? currentUser;  App app;      void createItem(String summary, bool isComplete, int? priority) {    final newItem = Item(ObjectId(), summary, currentUser!.id,        isComplete: isComplete, priority: priority);    realm.write<Item>(() => realm.add<Item>(newItem));    notifyListeners();  }  void deleteItem(Item item) {    realm.write(() => realm.delete(item));    notifyListeners();  }  Future<void> updateItem(Item item,      {String? summary,      bool? isComplete,      int? priority}) async {    realm.write(() {      if (summary != null) {        item.summary = summary;      }      if (isComplete != null) {        item.isComplete = isComplete;      }      if (priority != null) {        item.priority = priority;      }    });    notifyListeners();  }  Future<void> close() async {    if (currentUser != null) {      await currentUser?.logOut();      currentUser = null;    }    realm.close();  }  @override  void dispose() {    realm.close();    super.dispose();  }}abstract class PriorityLevel {  static int severe = 0;  static int high = 1;  static int medium = 2;  static int low = 3;}

2. Add a new file to contain a widget to set the priority for an Item. Create the file lib/components/select_priority.dart.

   lib/components/select_priority.dart

   import 'package:flutter/material.dart';import 'package:flutter_todo/realm/realm_services.dart';class SelectPriority extends StatefulWidget {  int priority;  void Function(int priority) setFormPriority;  SelectPriority(this.priority, this.setFormPriority, {Key? key})      : super(key: key);  @override  State<SelectPriority> createState() => _SelectPriorityState();}class _SelectPriorityState extends State<SelectPriority> {  @override  Widget build(BuildContext context) {    return Padding(      padding: const EdgeInsets.only(top: 15),      child: Column(        crossAxisAlignment: CrossAxisAlignment.start,        children: [          const Text('Priority'),          DropdownButtonFormField<int>(            onChanged: ((int? value) {              final valueOrDefault = value ?? PriorityLevel.low;              widget.setFormPriority(valueOrDefault);              setState(() {                widget.priority = valueOrDefault;              });            }),            value: widget.priority,            items: [              DropdownMenuItem(                  value: PriorityLevel.low, child: const Text("Low")),              DropdownMenuItem(                  value: PriorityLevel.medium, child: const Text("Medium")),              DropdownMenuItem(                  value: PriorityLevel.high, child: const Text("High")),              DropdownMenuItem(                  value: PriorityLevel.severe, child: const Text("Severe")),            ],          ),        ],      ),    );  }}

3. Now add the SelectPriority widget to the CreateItem and ModifyItem widgets. You also need to add some additional logic to handle setting the priority. The code you must add is shown below.

   Some sections of the files you are adding to are replaced with comments in the below code examples to focus on the relevant sections of code that are changed.

   Edit the CreateItemForm widget in lib/components/create_item.dart:

   lib/components/create_item.dart

   import 'package:flutter_todo/components/select_priority.dart';class CreateItemForm extends StatefulWidget {  const CreateItemForm({Key? key}) : super(key: key);  @override  createState() => _CreateItemFormState();}class _CreateItemFormState extends State<CreateItemForm> {  final _formKey = GlobalKey<FormState>();  late TextEditingController _itemEditingController;  int _priority = PriorityLevel.low;  void _setPriority(int priority) {    setState(() {      _priority = priority;    });  }    @override  Widget build(BuildContext context) {    TextTheme theme = Theme.of(context).textTheme;    return formLayout(        context,        Form(          key: _formKey,          child: Column(            mainAxisAlignment: MainAxisAlignment.center,            mainAxisSize: MainAxisSize.min,            children: <Widget>[                            SelectPriority(_priority, _setPriority),                          ],          ),        ));  }  void save(RealmServices realmServices, BuildContext context) {    if (_formKey.currentState!.validate()) {      final summary = _itemEditingController.text;      realmServices.createItem(summary, false, _priority);      Navigator.pop(context);    }  }}

   Edit the ModifyItemForm widget in lib/components/modify_item.dart:

   lib/components/modify_item.dart

   import 'package:flutter_todo/components/select_priority.dart';class ModifyItemForm extends StatefulWidget {  final Item item;  const ModifyItemForm(this.item, {Key? key}) : super(key: key);  @override  _ModifyItemFormState createState() => _ModifyItemFormState(item);}class _ModifyItemFormState extends State<ModifyItemForm> {  final _formKey = GlobalKey<FormState>();  final Item item;  late TextEditingController _summaryController;  late ValueNotifier<bool> _isCompleteController;  late int? _priority;  void _setPriority(int priority) {    setState(() {      _priority = priority;    });  }  _ModifyItemFormState(this.item);  @override  void initState() {    _summaryController = TextEditingController(text: item.summary);    _isCompleteController = ValueNotifier<bool>(item.isComplete)      ..addListener(() => setState(() {}));    _priority = widget.item.priority;    super.initState();  }  @override  void dispose() {    _summaryController.dispose();    _isCompleteController.dispose();    super.dispose();  }  @override  Widget build(BuildContext context) {    TextTheme myTextTheme = Theme.of(context).textTheme;    final realmServices = Provider.of<RealmServices>(context, listen: false);    return formLayout(        context,        Form(            key: _formKey,            child: Column(              mainAxisAlignment: MainAxisAlignment.center,              mainAxisSize: MainAxisSize.min,              children: <Widget>[                                SelectPriority(_priority ?? PriorityLevel.medium, _setPriority),                                Padding(                  padding: const EdgeInsets.only(top: 15),                  child: Row(                    mainAxisAlignment: MainAxisAlignment.center,                    children: [                      cancelButton(context),                      deleteButton(context,                          onPressed: () =>                              delete(realmServices, item, context)),                      okButton(context, "Update",                          onPressed: () async => await update(                              context,                              realmServices,                              item,                              _summaryController.text,                              _isCompleteController.value,                              _priority)),                    ],                  ),                ),              ],            )));  }  Future<void> update(BuildContext context, RealmServices realmServices,      Item item, String summary, bool isComplete, int? priority) async {    if (_formKey.currentState!.validate()) {      await realmServices.updateItem(item,          summary: summary, isComplete: isComplete, priority: priority);      Navigator.pop(context);    }  }  void delete(RealmServices realmServices, Item item, BuildContext context) {    realmServices.deleteItem(item);    Navigator.pop(context);  }}

4. Now add a visual indicator for priority in the ItemCard widget in lib/components/todo_item.dart. Create a new widget _PriorityIndicator that gives a visual indicator of the Item's priority.

   Add a _PriorityIndicator widget you just created to the TodoItem widget.

   lib/components/todo_item.dart

   enum MenuOption { edit, delete }class TodoItem extends StatelessWidget {  final Item item;  const TodoItem(this.item, {Key? key}) : super(key: key);  @override  Widget build(BuildContext context) {    final realmServices = Provider.of<RealmServices>(context);    bool isMine = (item.ownerId == realmServices.currentUser?.id);    return item.isValid        ? ListTile(                        title: Row(              children: [                Padding(                  padding: const EdgeInsets.only(right: 8.0),                  child: _PriorityIndicator(item.priority),                ),                SizedBox(width: 175, child: Text(item.summary)),              ],            ),                      )        : Container();  }  }class _PriorityIndicator extends StatelessWidget {  final int? priority;  const _PriorityIndicator(this.priority, {Key? key}) : super(key: key);  Widget getIconForPriority(int? priority) {    if (priority == PriorityLevel.low) {      return const Icon(Icons.keyboard_arrow_down, color: Colors.blue);    } else if (priority == PriorityLevel.medium) {      return const Icon(Icons.circle, color: Colors.grey);    } else if (priority == PriorityLevel.high) {      return const Icon(Icons.keyboard_arrow_up, color: Colors.orange);    } else if (priority == PriorityLevel.severe) {      return const Icon(        Icons.block,        color: Colors.red,      );    } else {      return const SizedBox.shrink();    }  }  @override  Widget build(BuildContext context) {    return getIconForPriority(priority);  }}

Before you run the application again, perform a hot restart . This makes sure that the sync session restarts with the new schema and prevents sync errors.

Then, Log in using the account you created earlier in this tutorial. You will see the one Item you previously created. Add a new Item, and you will see that you can now set the priority. Choose High for the priority and save the Item.

Now switch back to the Atlas data page in your browser, and refresh the Item collection. You should now see the new Item with the priority field added and set to 1. You will also notice that the existing Item now also has a priority field, and it is set to null, as shown in the following screenshot:

Adding a property to a Realm object is not a breaking change and therefore does not require a client reset. The template app has Development Mode enabled, so changes to the client Realm object are reflected in the server-side schema. For more information, see Development Mode and Update Your Data Model.

Now that we added the priority field, we want to update the Device Sync subscription to only sync Items marked as a High or Severe priority.

In the lib/realm/realm_services.dart file, we define the Flexible Sync subscription that defines which documents we sync with the user's device and account. Currently, we are syncing all all documents where the owner property matches the authenticated user.

The current subscription:

lib/realm/realm_services.dart

  Future<void> updateSubscriptions() async {    realm.subscriptions.update((mutableSubscriptions) {      mutableSubscriptions.clear();      if (showAll) {        mutableSubscriptions.add(realm.all<Item>(), name: queryAllName);      } else {        mutableSubscriptions.add(            realm.query<Item>(r'owner_id == $0', [currentUser?.id]),            name: queryMyItemsName);      }    });    await realm.subscriptions.waitForSynchronization();  }

Now we're going to change the subscription to only sync High and Severe priority Items. As you may recall, the priority field is of type int, where the highest priority ("Severe") has a value of 0, and the lowest priority ("Low") has a value of 3.

We can make direct comparisons between an int and the priority property. To do so, we're going to refactor the subscription query to include Items where the priority is less than or equal to PriorityLevel.high (or 1). We will also give the subscription the new name "getMyHighPriorityItemsSubscription".

Update the subscription to delete the old subscription and add a new one that uses priority:

lib/realm/realm_services.dart

class RealmServices with ChangeNotifier {  static const String queryAllName = "getAllItemsSubscription";  static const String queryMyItemsName = "getMyItemsSubscription";  static const String queryMyHighPriorityItemsName =      "getMyHighPriorityItemsSubscription";  bool showAll = false;  bool offlineModeOn = false;  bool isWaiting = false;  late Realm realm;  User? currentUser;  App app;  RealmServices(this.app) {    if (app.currentUser != null || currentUser != app.currentUser) {      currentUser ??= app.currentUser;      realm = Realm(Configuration.flexibleSync(currentUser!, [Item.schema]));      showAll = (realm.subscriptions.findByName(queryAllName) != null);            final subscriptionDoesNotExists =          (realm.subscriptions.findByName(queryMyHighPriorityItemsName) ==              null);      if (realm.subscriptions.isEmpty || subscriptionDoesNotExists) {        updateSubscriptions();      }    }  }  Future<void> updateSubscriptions() async {    realm.subscriptions.update((mutableSubscriptions) {      mutableSubscriptions.clear();      if (showAll) {        mutableSubscriptions.add(realm.all<Item>(), name: queryAllName);      } else {        mutableSubscriptions.add(            realm.query<Item>(              r'owner_id == $0 AND priority <= $1',              [currentUser?.id, PriorityLevel.high],            ),            name: queryMyHighPriorityItemsName);      }    });    await realm.subscriptions.waitForSynchronization();  }  }

Run the application again. Log in using the account you created earlier in this tutorial.

After an initial moment when Realm resyncs the document collection, you might see an error message resembling the following:

The following RangeError was thrown building StreamBuilder<RealmResultsChanges<Item>>(dirty, state:_StreamBuilderBaseState<RealmResultsChanges<Item>, AsyncSnapshot<RealmResultsChanges<Item>>>#387c4):RangeError (index): Invalid value: Only valid value is 0: 3

This error can occur with the StreamBuilder widget as the subscription updates. In a production app, you could add error handling. But for the sake of this tutorial, just perform a hot refresh and the error will go away.

Now you should see the new Item of High priority that you created.

In this tutorial, when you change the subscription and query on the priority field for the first time, the field is automatically added to the Device Sync Collection Queryable Fields. This occurs because the template app has Development Mode enabled by default. If Development Mode was not enabled, you would have to manually add the field as a queryable field to use it in a client-side Sync query.

For more information, refer to Queryable Fields.

If you want to further test the functionality, you can create Items of various priorities. You will see that a new Item with a lower priority briefly appears in the list of Items and then disappears. Realm creates the Item locally, syncs it with the backend, and then deletes the Item because it doesn't meet the subscription rules. This is called a compensating write.

You'll note, too, that the document you initially created is not synced, because it has a priority of null. If you want this Item to be synced, you can edit the document in the Atlas UI and add a value for the priority field, or you can change your subscription to include documents with null values. We will also give the subscription the new name "getUserItemsWithHighOrNoPriority".

lib/realm/realm_services.dart

class RealmServices with ChangeNotifier {  static const String queryAllName = "getAllItemsSubscription";  static const String queryMyItemsName = "getMyItemsSubscription";  static const String queryMyHighPriorityItemsName =      "getMyHighPriorityItemsSubscription";  static const String queryMyHighOrNoPriorityItemsName =      "getMyHighOrNoPriorityItemsSubscription";  bool showAll = false;  bool offlineModeOn = false;  bool isWaiting = false;  late Realm realm;  User? currentUser;  App app;  RealmServices(this.app) {    if (app.currentUser != null || currentUser != app.currentUser) {      currentUser ??= app.currentUser;      realm = Realm(Configuration.flexibleSync(currentUser!, [Item.schema]));            final subscriptionDoesNotExists =          realm.subscriptions.findByName(queryMyHighOrNoPriorityItemsName) ==              null;      if (realm.subscriptions.isEmpty || subscriptionDoesNotExists) {        updateSubscriptions();      }    }  }  Future<void> updateSubscriptions() async {    realm.subscriptions.update((mutableSubscriptions) {      mutableSubscriptions.clear();      if (showAll) {        mutableSubscriptions.add(realm.all<Item>(), name: queryAllName);      } else {        mutableSubscriptions.add(            realm.query<Item>(              r'owner_id == $0 AND priority IN {$1, $2, $3}',              [currentUser?.id, PriorityLevel.high, PriorityLevel.severe, null],            ),            name: queryMyHighPriorityItemsName);      }    });    await realm.subscriptions.waitForSynchronization();  }  }

Again, when a StreamBuilder error occurs the first time you open the app with the new subscription, perform a hot refresh to see the expected data.

Adding a property to an existing Realm object is a non-breaking change, and Development Mode ensures that the schema change is reflected server-side.

• Read our Flutter SDK documentation.

• Find developer-oriented blog posts and integration tutorials on the MongoDB Developer Hub.

• Join the MongoDB Community forum to learn from other MongoDB developers and technical experts.

• Explore engineering and expert-provided example projects.

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