2
: fully attended or constituted by all entitled to be present Did you know?In the 14th century, the monk Robert of Brunne described a situation in which all the knights of King Arthur's Round Table were present at court by writing, "When Arthures court was plener, and alle were comen, fer and ner.…" For many years, plener (also spelled plenar) served English well for both senses that we reserve for plenary today. But we'd borrowed plener from Anglo-French, and, although the French had relied on Latin plenus ("full") for their word, the revival of interest in the Classics during the English Renaissance led scholars to prefer purer Latin origins. In the 15th century, English speakers turned to Late Latin plenarius and came up with plenary. (Plenarius also comes from plenus, which is the source of our plenty and replenish as well.)
Choose the Right Synonym for plenary
full, complete, plenary, replete mean containing all that is wanted or needed or possible.
full implies the presence or inclusion of everything that is wanted or required by something or that can be held, contained, or attained by it.
complete applies when all that is needed is present.
a complete picture of the situation
plenary adds to complete the implication of fullness without qualification.
replete implies being filled to the brim or to satiety.
replete with delightful details
Examples of plenary in a SentenceA plenary meeting of the 500 members was held last summer. plenary sessions of the legislature
Recent Examples on the Web Examples are automatically compiled from online sources to show current usage. Read More Opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Send us feedback. The second day includes panels, workshops and discussions, starting with an opening plenary session that sets the tone for the summit and announces the pitch competition winners. —Taryn White, Forbes.com, 15 Apr. 2025 In panels and plenary addresses, speakers encouraged the audience to try out new clinical approaches, and to resist change at their own risk. —Maggie Doherty, Harper's Magazine, 28 Feb. 2025 One asserts his plenary authority over independent agencies by requiring them not to take any action that has not been approved by the White House. —Varad Mehta, Washington Examiner - Political News and Conservative Analysis About Congress, the President, and the Federal Government, 7 Mar. 2025 Chief Justice John Marshall relied on the plenary constitutional power of the federal government over Indian affairs. —Bruce Fein, Baltimore Sun, 3 Mar. 2025 See All Example Sentences for plenary Word HistoryEtymology
Middle English plenarie, borrowed from Late Latin plēnārius, from Latin plēnus "full" + -ārius -ary entry 2 — more at full entry 1
First Known Use
15th century, in the meaning defined at sense 1
Time Traveler
The first known use of plenary was in the 15th century Cite this Entry“Plenary.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/plenary. Accessed 10 May. 2025.
Last Updated: 22 Apr 2025 - Updated example sentencesLove words? Need even more definitions?
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