Tobacco dependence is a chronic condition driven by nicotine addiction. Successful quitting can be increased by health care provider intervention and evidence-based treatment. CDC assessed national estimates of cigarette smoking cessation indicators among U.S. adults using 2022 National Health Interview Survey data. In 2022, approximately two thirds (67.7%) of the 28.8 million U.S. adults who smoked wanted to quit, and approximately one half (53.3%) made a quit attempt, but only 8.8% quit smoking. One half of adults who smoked and saw a health professional during the past year received health professional advice (50.5%) or assistance (49.2%) to quit smoking. Among those who tried to quit, 38.3% used treatment (i.e., counseling or medication). Adults who usually smoked menthol (versus nonmenthol) cigarettes had higher prevalences of quitting interest (72.2% versus 65.4%; p<0.05) and past-year quit attempts (57.3% versus 50.4%; p<0.05), lower prevalences of receiving quit advice (48.2% versus 53.8%; p<0.05) and using cessation treatment (35.2% versus 41.5%; p<0.05), but similar prevalence of quit success (9.5% versus 7.9%; p = 0.19). Opportunities exist for both public health and health care sectors to increase smoking cessation, including expanding access to and utilization of cessation services and supports. Incorporating equitable cessation strategies into all commercial tobacco prevention and control efforts can help advance and support smoking cessation for all population groups.
IntroductionQuitting smoking reduces the risk for premature death and smoking-related diseases [1]. Tobacco dependence is a chronic, relapsing condition driven by nicotine addiction, and quitting can be difficult [1]. Social and structural barriers to quitting exist differentially among population groups [2]. For example, whereas comprehensive, barrier-free insurance coverage of cessation treatment is known to increase quitting success, only 20 state Medicaid programs provided such coverage in 2022 [1,3]. In addition, commercial factors, such as marketing and product design, can influence quitting behaviors [1,4,5]. Evidence suggests that persons who smoke menthol (versus nonmenthol) cigarettes could be less likely to successfully quit [5]; previous studies have shown this finding is especially true of Black or African American (Black) adults who smoke, a high proportion of whom smoke menthol cigarettes in part because of aggressive, targeted marketing of menthol cigarettes to this population group [2,5].
Quitting success is increased by health care provider intervention and by use of behavioral counseling and Food and Drug Administration–approved medications, particularly when these treatments are used together [1]. Understanding quitting intentions and behaviors can help identify gaps in treatment use and facilitate the development and implementation of efforts to increase access to and use of treatment. Healthy People 2030* includes four cessation-related objectives: 1) increasing quit attempts (TU-11), 2) increasing successful cessation (TU-14), 3) increasing receipt of health care provider advice to quit (TU-12), and 4) increasing treatment use (TU-13). This study expands on previous publications describing cessation-related indicators, including exploring differences in these indicators by sociodemographic and health-related factors as well as by cigarette type (menthol versus nonmenthol) [1].
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