This tutorial describes how to create a simple RESTful web service in IntelliJ IDEA and deploy it to the Tomcat GlassFish application server. The service will output Hello, World! when you access a specific URL through the web browser or otherwise send a GET request to this URL. Use the switcher at the top of this page for instructions for a different application server.
You will create a new Java Enterprise project, add the necessary Java code, tell IntelliJ IDEA where your GlassFishTomcat server is located, then use a run configuration to build the artifact, start the server, and deploy the artifact to it.
Here is what you will need:
Create a new Java Enterprise projectIntelliJ IDEA includes a dedicated wizard for creating Java Enterprise projects based on various Java EE and Jakarta EE implementations. In this tutorial, we will create a simple web application.
In the main menu, go to .
In the New Project dialog, select Jakarta EE.
Enter a name for your project: RestGlassfishHelloWorldRestTomcatHelloWorld. For this tutorial, use Oracle OpenJDK 21 as the project SDK and select the REST service template. Don't select or add an application server, we will do it later. Select Java and Maven. Click Next to continue.
In the Version field, select Jakarta EE 10 because that's what Tomcat 10.1 used in this tutorial is compatible with.
For Tomcat 9, select Java EE 8. For Tomcat 10, select Jakarta EE 9.1.
In the Version field, select Jakarta EE 9.1 because that's what GlassFish 6.2.5 used in this tutorial is compatible with.
For GlassFish 5, select the Java EE 8 specification. For GlassFish 7, select Jakarta EE 10.
In the Dependencies list, select the following:
Contexts and Dependency Injection (CDI)
RESTful Web Services (JAX-RS)
Servlet
Eclipse Jersey Server
Weld SE
Click Create.
IntelliJ IDEA creates a project with some boilerplate code that you can build and deploy successfully.
Use the Project tool window to browse and open files in your project or press Ctrl+Shift+N and type the name of the file.
pom.xml is the Project Object Model with Maven configuration information, including dependencies and plugins necessary for building the project.
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>org.example</groupId> <artifactId>RestTomcatHelloWorld</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <name>RestTomcatHelloWorld</name> <packaging>war</packaging> <properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> <maven.compiler.target>21</maven.compiler.target> <maven.compiler.source>21</maven.compiler.source> <junit.version>5.11.0-M2</junit.version> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>jakarta.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>jakarta.servlet-api</artifactId> <version>6.1.0</version> <scope>provided</scope> </dependency><dependency> <groupId>org.glassfish.jersey.containers</groupId> <artifactId>jersey-container-servlet</artifactId> <version>4.0.0-M1</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.glassfish.jersey.media</groupId> <artifactId>jersey-media-json-jackson</artifactId> <version>4.0.0-M1</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.glassfish.jersey.inject</groupId> <artifactId>jersey-cdi2-se</artifactId> <version>4.0.0-M1</version> </dependency><dependency> <groupId>org.jboss.weld.se</groupId> <artifactId>weld-se-core</artifactId> <version>6.0.0.Beta1</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId> <artifactId>junit-jupiter-api</artifactId> <version>${junit.version}</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId> <artifactId>junit-jupiter-engine</artifactId> <version>${junit.version}</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.4.0</version> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.example</groupId> <artifactId>RestTomcatHelloWorld</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <name>RestTomcatHelloWorld</name> <packaging>war</packaging> <properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> <maven.compiler.target>11</maven.compiler.target> <maven.compiler.source>11</maven.compiler.source> <junit.version>5.9.2</junit.version> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>jakarta.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>jakarta.servlet-api</artifactId> <version>5.0.0</version> <scope>provided</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.glassfish.jersey.containers</groupId> <artifactId>jersey-container-servlet</artifactId> <version>3.0.4</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.glassfish.jersey.media</groupId> <artifactId>jersey-media-json-jackson</artifactId> <version>3.0.4</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.glassfish.jersey.inject</groupId> <artifactId>jersey-cdi2-se</artifactId> <version>3.0.4</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.jboss.weld.se</groupId> <artifactId>weld-se-core</artifactId> <version>4.0.3.Final</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId> <artifactId>junit-jupiter-api</artifactId> <version>${junit.version}</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId> <artifactId>junit-jupiter-engine</artifactId> <version>${junit.version}</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.3.2</version> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project>
HelloResource.java is a root resource class, which uses the following JAX-RS annotations to implement the RESTful web service:
The @Path annotation identifies the URI for accessing this resource, relative to the application root.
The @GET annotation indicates that the hello() method will process HTTP GET requests to the specified URI.
The @Produces annotation specifies the MIME media type that the method produces and returns.
package com.example.restglassfishhelloworld; import jakarta.ws.rs.GET; import jakarta.ws.rs.Path; import jakarta.ws.rs.Produces; @Path("/hello-world") public class HelloResource { @GET @Produces("text/plain") public String hello() { return "Hello, World!"; } }
package com.example.resttomcathelloworld; import jakarta.ws.rs.GET; import jakarta.ws.rs.Path; import jakarta.ws.rs.Produces; @Path("/hello-world") public class HelloResource { @GET @Produces("text/plain") public String hello() { return "Hello, World!"; } }
HelloApplication.java is a subclass of javax.ws.rs.core.Application, which is used to configure the environment where the application runs REST resources defined in your resource classes. The @ApplicationPath annotation identifies the URL mapping for the application root (by default, it is set to /api).
package com.example.restglassfishhelloworld; import jakarta.ws.rs.ApplicationPath; import jakarta.ws.rs.core.Application; @ApplicationPath("/api") public class HelloApplication extends Application { }
package com.example.resttomcathelloworld; import jakarta.ws.rs.ApplicationPath; import jakarta.ws.rs.core.Application; @ApplicationPath("/api") public class HelloApplication extends Application { }
Let IntelliJ IDEA know where the GlassFish Tomcat application server is located.
Press Ctrl+Alt+S to open settings and then select .
Click and select Glassfish Server Tomcat.
Specify the path to the GlassFish Tomcat server install location. IntelliJ IDEA detects and sets the name and version appropriately.
IntelliJ IDEA needs a run configuration to build the artifacts and deploy them to your application server.
In the main menu, go to .
In the Run/Debug Configurations dialog, click , expand the Glassfish Server Tomcat Server node, and select Local.
Fix any warnings that appear at the bottom of the run configuration settings dialog.
Most likely, you will need to fix the following:
On the Server tab, set the Server Domain to domain1.
On the Deployment tab, add the artifact that you want to deploy: RestGlassfishHelloWorld:war exploded RestTomcatHelloWorld:war exploded
On the Server tab, set the URL to point to the root resource:
http://localhost:8080/RestGlassfishHelloWorld-1.0-SNAPSHOT/api/hello-world
http://localhost:8080/RestTomcatHelloWorld_war_exploded/api/hello-world
Click OK to save the run configuration.
To run the configuration, press Alt+Shift+F10 and select the created application server configuration.
Alternatively, if you have your run configuration selected in the main toolbar at the top, you can click in the main toolbar or press Shift+F10 to run it.
This run configuration builds the artifacts, then starts the GlassFish Tomcat server, and deploys the artifacts to the server. You should see the corresponding output in the Services tool window.
Once this is done, IntelliJ IDEA opens the specified URL in your web browser.
If not, try opening the URL yourself: http://localhost:8080/RestGlassfishHelloWorld-1.0-SNAPSHOT/api/hello-world http://localhost:8080/RestTomcatHelloWorld_war_exploded/api/hello-world
Troubleshooting Compatibility with Jakarta EEIf you get a 404 error, make sure you have selected the Jakarta EE specification version that is compatible with your version of GlassFish when creating the project.
For more information, refer to the GlassFish version compatibility.
Older IntelliJ IDEA versionsIf you are using IntelliJ IDEA version 2020.2.2 or earlier, the New Project wizard will not add all of the necessary dependencies required for Tomcat. In this case, open pom.xml and add the following dependencies:
<dependency> <groupId>org.glassfish.jersey.media</groupId> <artifactId>jersey-media-json-jackson</artifactId> <version>2.31</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.glassfish.jersey.inject</groupId> <artifactId>jersey-hk2</artifactId> <version>2.31</version> </dependency>
For example, in version 2020.2.3, the generated pom.xml looks like this:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.example</groupId> <artifactId>RestTomcatHelloWorld</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <name>RestTomcatHelloWorld</name> <packaging>war</packaging> <properties> <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target> <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source> <junit.version>5.6.2</junit.version> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>javax.ws.rs</groupId> <artifactId>javax.ws.rs-api</artifactId> <version>2.1.1</version> <scope>provided</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.glassfish.jersey.containers</groupId> <artifactId>jersey-container-servlet</artifactId> <version>2.31</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.glassfish.jersey.media</groupId> <artifactId>jersey-media-json-jackson</artifactId> <version>2.31</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.glassfish.jersey.inject</groupId> <artifactId>jersey-hk2</artifactId> <version>2.31</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.glassfish.jersey.core</groupId> <artifactId>jersey-client</artifactId> <version>2.31</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId> <artifactId>junit-jupiter-api</artifactId> <version>${junit.version}</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId> <artifactId>junit-jupiter-engine</artifactId> <version>${junit.version}</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.3.0</version> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project>
11 October 2024
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