For examples of how CCS has been used, see the following publications:
Ash AS, Posner MA, Speckman J; Franco S; Yacht AC; Bramwell L. Using claims data to examine mortality trends following hospitalization for heart attack in Medicare. Health Services Research, 38(5): 1253-1262(10), October 2003.
Alshekhlee A, Horn C, Jung R, Alawi AA, Cruz-Flores S. In-Hospital Mortality in Acute Ischemic Stroke Treated With Hemicraniectomy in US Hospitals. Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases, June 22, 2010. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20576446.
Bao Y, Sturm R. How do trends for behavioral health inpatient care differ from medical inpatient care in U.S. community hospitals? Journal of Mental Health Policy and Economics, 4: 55-63, 2001.
Bynum JP, Rabins PV, Weller W, Niefeld, M, Anderson GF, Wu AW. The relationship between a dementia diagnosis, chronic illness, Medicare expenditures, and hospital use. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 52(2): 187, February 2004. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14728626
Chi MJ, Lee CY, Wu SC. The prevalence of chronic conditions and medical expenditures of the elderly by chronic condition indicator (CCI). Arch Gerontol Geriatr, 52(3):284-9, May 2011. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20452688
Cook CB, Tsui C, Ziemer DC, Naylor DB, Miller WJ. Common reasons for hospitalization among adult patients with diabetes. Endocrine Practice, 12(4):363-70, July-August 2006. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16983797.
Chou L. Estimating medical costs of gastroenterological diseases. World Journal of Gastroenterology, 10(2): 273-278, January 15, 2004.
Cook CB, Tsui C, Ziemer DC, Naylor DB, Miller WJ. Common reasons for hospitalization among adult patients with diabetes. Endocrine Practice, 12(4):363-70, July-August 2006. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16983797.
Cowen ME, Strawderman RL. Quantifying the physician contribution to managed care pharmacy expenses. A random effects approach. Medical Care, 40(8):651-61, August 2002.
Cox, Cynthia; Dunn, Abe; Rittmueller, Lindsey; Whitmire, Bryn. A new way of measuring health costs sheds light on recent health spending trends. http://www.healthsystemtracker.org/insight/a-new-way-of-measuring-health-costs-sheds-light-on-recent-health-spending-trends/ (Accessed March 31, 2016.)
Davies BJ, Allareddy V, Konety BR. Effect of postcystectomy infectious complications on cost, length of stay, and mortality. Urology, 73(3):598-602, March 2009, Epub January 23, 2009. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19167035.
Derrington TM, Bernstein J, Belanoff C, Cabral HJ, Babakhanlou-Chase H, Diop H, Evans SR, Kotelchuck M. Refining measurement of substance use disorders among women of child-bearing age using hospital records: The development of the Explicit-Mention Substance Abuse Need for Treatment in Women (EMSANT-W) algorithm. Matern Child Health J, 19(10):2168-78, Oct 2015. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25680703.
Dinan MA, Chou CH, Hammill BG, Graham FL, Schulman KA, Telen MJ, Reed SD. Outcomes of inpatients with and without sickle cell disease after high-volume surgical procedures. American journal of hematology, 84(11):703-9, November 2009. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19787790.
Dismuke CE. Underreporting of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging procedures in inpatient claims data. Medical Care, 43(7):713-717, July 2005. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15970787.
Duffy, ME. The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality: a valuable resource for evidence-based practice. Clinical Nurse Specialist, 19(3):117-120, May/June 2005.
Duffy SQ. "Substance Use and Mental Disorder Discharges from U.S. Community Hospitals in the Early 1990s, Revisited," Health Services Utilization by Individuals with Substance Abuse and Mental Disorders. December 2004. (Accessed November 17, 2005.)
Farquhar CM, Naoom S, Steiner CA. The impact of endometrial ablation on hysterectomy rates in women with benign uterine conditions in the United States. Int J Technol Assess Health Care, 18(3):625-34, 2002. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12391955.
Farquhar CM, Steiner CA. Hysterectomy rates in the United States 1990-1997. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 99(2): 229-234, February 2002.
Fogerty MD, Abumrad NN, Nanney L, Arbogast PG, Poulose B, Barbul A. Risk factors for pressure ulcers in acute care hospitals. Wound repair and regeneration, 16(1):11-8, January-February 2008. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18211574.
Fortino A. L�Utilizzo Degli ACC (CCS) Nella Rappresentazione Della Casistica Di Ricovero Ospedaliero. Ministero della Salute - Direzione Generale della Programmazione Sanitaria. http://www.salute.gov.it/imgs/C_17_pubblicazioni_1006_allegato.pdf. (Accessed November 17, 2005.)
Fry DE, Pine M, Jones BL, Meimban RJ. Adverse outcomes in surgery: redefinition of postoperative complications American Journal of Surgery, 197(4):479-84, April 2009. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19246026.
Fry DE, Pine M, Jones BL, Meimban RJ. Control charts to identify adverse outcomes in elective colon resection. American Journal of Surgery, 203(3):392-6, March 2012. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22206854.
Guthery SL, Hutchings C, Dean JM, Hoff C. National estimates of hospital utilization by children with gastrointestinal disorders: analysis of the 1997 kids' inpatient database. The Journal of Pediatrics, 144(5):589-94, May 2004. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15126991.
Goz V, Weinreb JH, McCarthy I, Schwab F, Lafage V, Errico TJ. Perioperative complications and mortality after spinal fusions: analysis of trends and risk factors. Spine, 38(22):1970-6, October 2013. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23928714.
Kannan VC, Andriamalala CN, Reynolds TA. The burden of acute disease in Mahajanga, Madagascar - a 21 month study. PLos One, 10(3):e0119029, Mar 2015. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4349786/.
Kindermann DR, Mutter RL, Houchens RL, Barrett ML, Pines JM. Emergency department transfers and transfer relationships in United States hospitals. Acad Emerg Med, 22(2):157-65, Feb 2015. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/acem.12586/abstract;jsessionid=8F79E451E767340DDBA67A93AAFEE2A4.f04t01.
Kourtis AP, Paramsothy P, Posner SF, Meikle SF, Jamieson DJ. National estimates of hospital use by children with HIV infection in the United States: analysis of data from the 2000 KIDS Inpatient Database. Pediatrics, 118(1):e167-73, July 2006, Epub 2006 Jun 12. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16769799/.
Lee BJ, Mackey-Bilaver L, Goerge RM. The Patterns of Food Stamp and WIC Participation and Their Effects on Health of Low-Income Children. Chapin Hall Center for Children at the University of Chicago.
Machnicki G, Pinsky B, Takemoto S, Balshaw R, Salvalaggio PR, Buchanan PM, Irish W, Bunnapradist S, Lentine KL, Burroughs TE, Brennan DC, Schnitzler MA. Predictive ability of pretransplant comorbidities to predict long-term graft loss and death. American journal of transplantation, 9(3):494-505, March 2009. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19120083.
Magnan, Elizabeth. Algorithm for Identifying Patients with Multiple Chronic Conditions (Multimorbidity).http://www.hipxchange.org/comorbidities (accessed June 1st, 2015).
Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services, Emergency Room MICA Statistics. (Accessed November 17, 2005.)
Murphy AJ, Axt JR, Lovvorn HN, 3rd. Associations between pediatric choledochal cysts, biliary atresia, and congenital cardiac anomalies. J Surg Res, 177(2):e59-63, October 2012. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3417077/pdf/nihms-370335.pdf.
Patil CG, Alexander AL, Hayden Gephart MG, Lad SP, Arrigo RT, Boakye M. A population-based study of inpatient outcomes after operative management of nontraumatic intracerebral hemorrhage in the United States. World Neurosurg, 78(6):640-5, December 2012. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22120557.
Pressley JC, Barlow B. Child and adolescent injury as a result of falls from buildings and structures. Injury Prevention. 11; 267-273, 2005. http://ip.bmjjournals.com/cgi/reprint/11/5/267.
Radley DC, Gottlieb DJ, Fisher ES, Tosteson AN. Comorbidity risk-adjustment strategies are comparable among persons with hip fracture. Journal of clinical epidemiology, 61(6):580-7, June 2008, Epub February 14, 2008. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18471662.
Robinson JW. Regression tree boosting to adjust healthcare cost predictions for diagnostic mix. Health services research, 43(2):755-7, April 2008. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18370977.
Rosenbaum BP, Kshettry VT, Kelly ML, Weil RJ. Diagnoses associated with the greatest years of political life lost for in-hospital deaths in the United States, 1988-2010. Public Health, 129(2):173-81, Feb 2015. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25682904.
Saber Tehrani AS, Coughlan D, Hsieh YH, Mantokoudis G, Korley FK, Kerber K. Rising annual costs of dizziness presentations to U.S. emergency departments. Academy of Emergency Medicine, 20(7):689-96, July 2013. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23859582.
Salvin, JW, Laussen, PC, Thiagarajan, RR. ECMO following cardiac surgery from the KID 2000 database. Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, 6(3):398, May 2005.
Stukenborg G, Wagner DP, Dembling BP, Connors AF. A Method for Assessing the Risk of Influenza Attributable Rehospitalization. Academy for Health Services Research and Health Policy Annual Meeting 2001 abstract. (Accessed November 17, 2005.)
Swartz SH, Cowan TM, Batista IA. Using claims data to examine patients using practice-based Internet communication: Is there a clinical digital divide? Journal of Medical Internet Research 2004; 6(1):e1. http://www.jmir.org/2004/1/e1/.
Tabak YP, Sun X, Nunez CM, Johannes RS. Using electronic health record data to develop inpatient mortality predictive model: Acute Laboratory Risk of Mortality Score (ALaRMS). Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association: JAMIA, 21(3):455-463, June 2014. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3994855/pdf/amiajnl-2013-001790.pdf.
Talsma A, Jones K, Guo Y, Wilson D, Campbell DA. The relationship between nurse staffing and failure to rescue: where does it matter most? Journal of patient safety, 10(3):133-139, Sep 2014. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23860195.
Thompson DA, Makary MA, Dorman T, Pronovost PJ. Clinical and economic outcomes of hospital acquired pneumonia in intra-abdominal surgery patients. Annals of Surgery, 243(4):547-52, April 2006. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16552208.
Wheeler EC, Klemm P, Hardie T, Plowfield L, Birney M, Polek C, Lynch KG. Racial disparities in hospitalized elderly patients with chronic heart failure. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 15(4): 291-297, 2004.
Williams KA, Buechner JS. "Hospitalizations for Mental Health and Substance Abuse," Health By Numbers, 5(10), October 2003. (Accessed November 17, 2005.)
Yu W, Ravelo A, Wagner T, Barnett P. The relationships among age, chronic conditions, and healthcare costs. The American Journal of Managed Care, 10:909-916, 2004.
AHRQ Publications:
The CCS is used in AHRQ publications including:
Cowen ME, Dusseau DJ, Toth BG, et al. Casemix adjustment of managed care claims data using the clinical classifications for health policy research method. Medical Care, 1998, 36:1108-1113.
Duffy SQ, Elixhauser A, Sommers JP. Diagnosis and procedure combinations in hospital inpatient data. Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP 3) Research Note 5. Rockville, MD: Agency for Health Care Policy and Research; 1996. AHCPR Pub. No. 96-0047.
Elixhauser A, McCarthy EM. Clinical classifications for health policy research, version 2: Hospital inpatient statistics. Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP 3) Research Note 1. Rockville, MD: Agency for Health Care Policy and Research; 1996. AHCPR Pub. No. 96 0017.
Elixhauser A, Steiner CA, Whittington C, et al. Clinical classifications for health policy research: Hospital inpatient statistics, 1995. Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, HCUP 3 Research Note. Rockville, MD: Agency for Health Care Policy and Research; 1998. AHCPR Pub. No. 98-0049.
Elixhauser A, Steiner CA. Hospital inpatient statistics, 1996. Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) Research Note. Rockville, MD: Agency for Health Care Policy and Research; 1999. AHCPR Pub. No. 99-0034.
CCS categories are also used in HCUPnet, an online resource for national hospital stays.
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