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Rest Parameters in TypeScript - GeeksforGeeks

Last Updated : 22 Jan, 2025

Rest parameters in TypeScript enable functions to handle an unlimited number of arguments by grouping them into an array. They are defined using ... and must be the last parameter.

• Allow flexible and dynamic input handling in functions.
• Simplify working with multiple arguments without specifying them individually.

function function_name(...rest: type[]) {
  // Type of the is the type of the array. 
}

Parameters:

• functionName: The name of your function.
• ...rest: The rest parameter that collects all additional arguments into an array.
• type[]: Specifies the type of elements in the rest array (e.g., number[], string[]).

function sum(...numbers: number[]): number {
  return numbers.reduce((total, num) => total + num, 0);
}

console.log(sum(1, 2, 3));
console.log(sum(10, 20));

• The sum function uses the rest parameter ...numbers to collect all arguments passed to it into an array of type number[].
• The reduce method is applied to the numbers array, adding all its elements together to compute the total.

Output:

6
30

function average(...numbers: number[]): number {
    let total = 0;
    for (let num of numbers) {
        total += num;
    }
    return numbers.length === 0 ? 0 : total / numbers.length;
}

console.log("Average of the given numbers is:", average(10, 20, 30, 60));
console.log("Average of the given numbers is:", average(5, 6));
console.log("Average of the given numbers is:", average(4));

• The average function uses a rest parameter ...numbers to accept any number of numeric arguments.
• It calculates the total sum of these numbers and returns their average.

Output:

Average of the given numbers is : 30
Average of the given numbers is : 5.5
Average of the given numbers is : 4

function joinStrings(...strings: string[]): string {
    return strings.join(', ');
}

console.log(joinStrings("rachel", "john", "peter") + " are mathematicians");
console.log(joinStrings("sarah", "joseph") + " are coders"); 

• The joinStrings function accepts multiple string arguments using a rest parameter.
• It concatenates them into a single string, separated by commas.

Output:

rachel, john, peter are mathematicians
sarah, joseph are coders

// Incorrect usage - will raise a compiler error
function job(...people: string[], jobTitle: string): void {
  console.log(`${people.join(', ')} are ${jobTitle}`);
}

// Uncommenting the below line will cause a compiler error
// job("rachel", "john", "peter", "mathematicians");

• In this example, the rest parameter ...people is not placed at the end of the parameter list.
• TypeScript requires rest parameters to be the last parameter; otherwise, a compiler error occurs.

Output: Typescript compiler raised the error.

main.ts(2,14): error TS1014: A rest parameter must be last in a parameter list.      

• Place Rest Parameters Last: Always define rest parameters at the end of the parameter list to ensure correct function behavior.
• Use Appropriate Types: Specify the correct array type for rest parameters to maintain type safety and code clarity.
• Limit to One Rest Parameter: A function should have only one rest parameter to avoid complexity and potential errors.
• Avoid Overuse: Use rest parameters judiciously; overuse can lead to code that is hard to understand and maintain.

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