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Oracle DataBase - Grant Privileges to a User in SQL Command Line

Last Updated : 23 Jul, 2025

Oracle Database is a robust and widely utilized relational database management system (RDBMS) recognized for its scalability, advanced features and performance optimization. Its architecture supports complex queries and large datasets also making it a popular choice for organizations of all sizes.

In this article, We will learn about key factors contributing to the effectiveness of Oracle Database including its high performance, security features, data integrity mechanisms and high availability.

Oracle Database is a powerful and widely used relational database management system (RDBMS) that is known for its robustness, scalability, and advanced features. Several key factors contribute to its popularity and effectiveness:

• Optimization Techniques: Oracle employs various optimization techniques, such as query optimization and indexing, to ensure high performance for complex queries and large datasets.
  
• In-Memory Processing: Oracles in-memory capabilities enhance query performance by storing data in memory rather than on disk.

• Horizontal and Vertical Scaling: Oracle can scale both horizontally (adding more servers) and vertically (upgrading existing hardware) to handle increased workloads.
  
• Partitioning: Oracle supports partitioning of tables and indexes to improve performance and manageability.

• Advanced Security Mechanisms: Oracle includes advanced security features such as user authentication, role-based access control and encryption for data at rest and in transit.
  
• Audit and Compliance: Oracle provides auditing capabilities to track database activities and ensure compliance with regulations.

• ACID Compliance: Oracle ensures data integrity through ACID (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability) compliance which guarantees reliable transaction processing.
  
• Constraints and Triggers: Users can define constraints (e.g., primary keys, foreign keys) and triggers to enforce data integrity rules.

Here are some important points to consider about Oracle Database:

• Oracle Database is a leading RDBMS that stores data in tables and supports SQL for data manipulation and querying.

• Features like Real Application Clusters (RAC) provide high availability and failover capabilities, ensuring minimal downtime for critical applications.

• Supports horizontal and vertical scaling, allowing databases to grow with organizational needs, handling large volumes of data and users efficiently.

• Offers robust security measures, including user authentication, role-based access control, data encryption, and auditing capabilities to protect sensitive data.

• Ensures data integrity through ACID compliance, constraints, and triggers, maintaining accurate and reliable data.

• Advanced backup and recovery options, including Flashback Technology and allow for point-in-time recovery and quick restoration of data.

• Supports various data types (relational, JSON, XML, spatial) and models, enabling flexibility in how data is structured and accessed.

Step 1: Open the SQL Command Line by typing run in the Search toolbar and selecting the option of Run as administrator. The SQL Command Line opens.

Step 2: The following screen appears after clicking "Yes" on the dialog box which appears after step 1.

Output:

Step 3: Connect to the oracle database using CONNECT command.

Query:

CONNECT

Hit ENTER after typing the command.

Output:

Step 4: Login using the default user i.e. the SYSTEM user. So type in the user-name as SYSTEM and then type in the correct password and hit Enter. 

Note: The password for the SYSTEM user is set during Oracle installation.

Output:

Step 5: Now, we create a new user named GFG.

Syntax:

CREATE USER NEW_USER_NAME INENTIFIED BY PASSWORD;

Query:

CREATE USER NEWUSERGFG INENTIFIED BY GFGQWERTY;

Note: Here, we set the password as GFGQWERTY.

Output:

Step 6: Now, we close this session and reopen the SQL Command Line using Steps 1 and 2. We try to CONNECT to the session using NEWUSERGFG user-name. An error is thrown as the user NEWUSERGFG doesn't have the privilege to start a session.

Query:

CONNECT

Output:

Step 7: Again connect using SYSTEM user-name. Now we shall enable all the privileges to NEWUSERGFG users.

Syntax:

GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES TO NEW_USER_NAME;

Query:

GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES TO NEWUSERGFG;

Output:

Step 8: We test the last step by re-attempting to connect using NEWUSERGFG user-name.

Query:

CONNECT

Note: The connection is successfully established this time and Connected is displayed.

Output:

Step 9: Create a table named NEWSAMPLETABLE containing 2 columns i.e. ID and NAME. This further establishes a successful connection.

Query:

CREATE TABLE NEWSAMPLETABLE(
ID INT,
NAME VARCHAR2(10)
);

Output:

In summary, Oracle Database's powerful performance, strong security measures, and commitment to data integrity make it a top-tier option for organizations of all sizes. Its comprehensive features and user management capabilities ensure that businesses can efficiently manage their data while maintaining strict access controls.

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