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Python | Introduction to PyQt5

Last Updated : 19 Dec, 2022

There are so many options provided by Python to develop GUI application and PyQt5 is one of them. PyQt5 is cross-platform GUI toolkit, a set of python bindings for Qt v5. One can develop an interactive desktop application with so much ease because of the tools and simplicity provided by this library. A GUI application consists of Front-end and Back-end. PyQt5 has provided a tool called 'QtDesigner' to design the front-end by drag and drop method so that development can become faster and one can give more time on back-end stuff. Installation: First, we need to install PyQt5 library. For this, type the following command in the terminal or command prompt:

pip install pyqt5

If successfully installed one can verify it by running the code:

>>>import PyQt5

PyQt5 provides lots of tools and QtDesigner is one of them. For this run this command:

pip install PyQt5-tools

This is a simple app having a single button in the window. After clicking that button a message will appear "You clicked me". Let's start.

• First of all, we need to find QtDesigner to create the front-end part. - QtDesigner is present at 'site-packages/pyqt5_tools' - For finding the location of site-packages write the following python code using any editor of your choice and then run:

>>> import site

>>> site.getsitepackages()

• For this we have to go to sitepackages directory in terminal or command prompt and run the command as shown below. Getting the location of sitepackages is mentioned previously.

>>> cd "C:\\Users\\......\\Programs\\Python\\Python36-32\\lib\\site-packages" [Location of sitepackages] >>> pyuic5 "C:\Users\......\FILENAME.ui"[Exact location of .ui file] -o " C:\Users\.......\FILENAME.py" [Location where want to put .py file]

• Finally we will add signals and slot in the python code to make it fully functional.

widget.signal.connect(slot)

• A signal is emitted by widgets after the occurrence of a certain kind of event like a click, Double click, etc. A slot is any callable function which will perform some action after the occurrence of an event.
• Run the app and click the button.

Below is the code - 

import sys
from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets

class Ui_Dialog(object):
    def setupUi(self, Dialog):
        Dialog.setObjectName("Dialog")
        Dialog.resize(400, 300)

        self.pushButton = QtWidgets.QPushButton(Dialog)
        self.pushButton.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(150, 70, 93, 28))

        self.label = QtWidgets.QLabel(Dialog)
        self.label.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(130, 149, 151, 31))
        self.label.setText("")

        self.retranslateUi(Dialog)
        QtCore.QMetaObject.connectSlotsByName(Dialog)
       
        # adding signal and slot
        self.pushButton.clicked.connect(self.showmsg) 

    def retranslateUi(self, Dialog):
        _translate = QtCore.QCoreApplication.translate
        Dialog.setWindowTitle(_translate("Dialog", "Dialog"))
        self.pushButton.setText(_translate("Dialog", "Click"))
        
    def showmsg(self):
        # slot
        self.label.setText("You clicked me")

if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv)

    MainWindow = QtWidgets.QMainWindow()
    ui = Ui_Dialog()

    ui.setupUi(MainWindow)
    MainWindow.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

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