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Python String maketrans() Method - GeeksforGeeks

Last Updated : 23 Jul, 2025

maketrans() method in Python is a powerful tool for creating mapping tables that specify how specific characters in a string should be replaced. This method is often used in conjunction with the translate() method to perform character replacements efficiently.

Let's understand with help of an example:

# Creating a translation table
t = str.maketrans("abc", "xyz")

# Translating a string
res = "abcde".translate(t)

print(res)  

• maketrans() method creates a mapping where a is replaced with x, b with y, and c with z.
• translate() method applies this mapping to the string"abcde", resulting in the transformed string "xyzde".

str.maketrans(x[, y[, z]])

1. x: A string, dictionary, or sequence of characters that need to be replaced.
2. y (optional): A string with the same length as x, specifying the replacement characters.
3. z (optional): A string containing characters to be removed.

• Returns a dictionary-like mapping table that can be passed to the translate() method.

Character mapping refers to associating one set of characters or symbols with another. Replacing vowels with corresponding uppercase letters.

# Create a translation table
t = str.maketrans("aeiou", "AEIOU")

# Translating a string
res = "Learn Python with GFG".translate(t)

print(res)  

LEArn PythOn wIth GFG

• maketrans() maps lowercase vowels to their uppercase counterparts.
• translate() applies this mapping, transforming vowels in the string to uppercase.

Removing unwanted characters can be done by using regular expression or simple string operations in Python.

# Create a translation table with characters to remove
t = str.maketrans("", "", ",.!?")

# Translating a string
res = "Learn Python, with GFG!".translate(t)

print(res)  

Learn Python with GFG

• maketrans() specifies characters to be removed using the third parameter.
• translate() eliminate these characters from the string.

This is useful if we need to replace specific words represented by their initial letters.

# Create a translation table using a dictionary
t = str.maketrans({"L": "D", "w": "v"})

# Translating a string
res = "Learn Python with GFG".translate(t)

print(res) 

Dearn Python vith GFG

• The dictionary specifies the replacements.
• The mapping is applied directly to the string, replacing specified characters.

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