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Python range() Method - GeeksforGeeks

Last Updated : 11 Jul, 2025

range() function in Python is used to generate a sequence of numbers. It is widely used in loops or when creating sequences for iteration.

Let’s look at a simple example of the range() method.

# Generate a sequence of numbers from 0 to 4
for i in range(5):
    print(i)

Explanation:

• This generates numbers starting from 0 up to 4 (excluding 5) and prints them.

range(start, stop, step)

• start(optional): The starting value of the sequence. Default is 0.
• stop(required): The ending value of the sequence (exclusive).
• step(optional): The difference between each number in the sequence. Default is 1.

• Returns a range object, which can be converted to a list or used directly in loops.

When range() function called without arguments defaults to starting at 0 and ending at a specified value (exclusive). It generates a sequence of numbers from 0 to that value.

# Generate numbers from 0 to 4
print(list(range(5)))

Explanation:

• Starts from 0 by default and ends at 5 (exclusive).

We can specify both the starting and stopping points of the range. The range(start, stop) generates numbers starting from the start value up to (but not including) the stop value.

# Generate numbers from 2 to 9
print(list(range(2, 10)))

[2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]

Explanation:

• Starts from 2 and ends at 10 (exclusive).

range(start, stop, step) allows us to specify a step value, which controls the difference between consecutive numbers in the range. A positive step generates an increasing sequence, while a negative step generates a decreasing one.

# Generate numbers from 1 to 9 with a step of 2
print(list(range(1, 10, 2)))

Explanation:

• Numbers are incremented by 2 in each step.

By specifying a negative step value, the range() function creates a sequence that decrements from the starting point down to the stopping point, providing reverse order numbers.

# Generate numbers from 10 to 1 in reverse
print(list(range(10, 0, -1)))

[10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1]

Explanation:

• Useful for iterating backward through a sequence.

• Memory Efficiency: range() does not store all values in memory but generates them on demand, making it ideal for large sequences.
• Immutability: A range object cannot be changed after creation.

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