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Python Random Module - GeeksforGeeks

Python Random Module

Last Updated : 27 Jul, 2025

Python Random module generates random numbers in Python. It introduce randomness into programs. It offers functions that support randomization operations, making it easier to work with unpredictable or varied outputs in different programming scenarios.

Why do we need Random module?

Helps generate random numbers for simulations, testing and games.
Allows shuffling, sampling and selecting random elements from lists or sequences.
Useful in creating random passwords, OTPs or mock data.
Supports both integer and floating-point random generation.
Essential for data sampling, machine learning and statistical modeling.

Examples of Random Module Example 1: Pick a Random Element from a List

Selects a single random item from a list using random.choice().

Python


 import random
a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
print(random.choice(a))

Note: Every time you run this program, you may get a different output because the number is picked randomly.

Example 2: Using seed() for Reproducible Output

Random numbers depend on the seeding value. For example, if the seeding value is 5 then the output of the below program will always be the same. Therefore, it must not be used for encryption.

The code sets the random number generator's seed to 5 using random.seed(5). It then prints two random floating-point numbers between 0 and 1 using random.random(). The seed makes these numbers the same every time we run the code with a seed of 5.

Python


 import random
random.seed(5)
print(random.random())
print(random.random())

Output

0.6229016948897019
0.7417869892607294

Example 3: Generate Random Integers in a Range

random.randint() method is used to generate random integers between the given range.

Syntax:

randint(start, end)

Python


 import random
r1 = random.randint(5, 15)
print(r1)

r2 = random.randint(-10, -2)
print(r2)

Explanation:

r1 is a andom number between 5 and 15.
r2 is a random number between -10 and -2.

Example 4: Generate a Random Float Between 0 and 1

A random.random() method is used to generate random floats between 0.0 to 1.

Syntax:

random.random()

Python


 from random import random
print(random())

Output

0.8443722499369146

Explanation: random() generates a float number in the range [0.0, 1.0).

Example 5: Randomly Select from List, String, and Tuple

Shows how to use choice() with different sequence types.

Python


 import random

a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
print(random.choice(a))

s = "geeks"
print(random.choice(s))

tup = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
print(random.choice(tup))

Explanation: choice() picks a random element from a list, string, or tuple.

Example 6: Select Multiple Unique Random Items

this example demonstrates the use of sample() to pick multiple items from sequences without repeating.

Syntax:

random.sample(sequence, length)

Python


 from random import sample

a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
print(sample(a,3))

b = (4, 5, 6, 7, 8)
print(sample(b,3))

c = "45678"
print(sample(c,3))

Output

[4, 2, 3]
[4, 7, 8]
['6', '4', '8']

Explanation: sample() returns a list of unique random elements from the input sequence.

Example 7: Shuffle Elements in a List

random.shuffle() method is used to shuffle a sequence (list). Shuffling means changing the position of the elements of the sequence. Here, the shuffling operation is inplace.

Python


 import random
a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

random.shuffle(a)
print("After shuffle : ")
print(a)

random.shuffle(a)
print("\nSecond shuffle : ")
print(a)

Output

After shuffle : 
[1, 4, 2, 5, 3]

Second shuffle : 
[1, 4, 3, 5, 2]

Explanation: shuffle() changes the order of elements in the list randomly, in-place.

Random Module Functions

There are different random functions in the Random Module of Python. Look at the table below to learn more about these functions:

Function Name

Description

seed() Initialize the random number generator getstate() Returns an object with the current internal state of the random number generator setstate() Used to restore the state of the random number generator back to the specified state getrandbits() Return an integer with a specified number of bits randrange() Returns a random number within the range randint() Returns a random integer within the range choice() Returns a random item from a list, tuple, or string choices() Returns multiple random elements from the list with replacement sample() Returns a particular length list of items chosen from the sequence random() Generate random floating numbers uniform() Return a random floating number between two numbers both inclusive triangular() Return a random floating point number within a range with a bias towards one extreme betavariate() Return a random floating point number with beta distribution expovariate() Return a random floating point number with exponential distribution gammavariate() Return a random floating point number with a gamma distribution gauss() Return a random floating point number with Gaussian distribution lognormvariate() Return a random floating point number with a log-normal distribution normalvariate() Return a random floating point number with normal distribution vonmisesvariate() Return a random floating point number with von Mises distribution or circular normal distribution paretovariate() Return a random floating point number with a Pareto distribution weibullvariate() Return a random floating point number with Weibull distribution

Python sys Module

list in Python

random.randint()

Python datetime Module

Built-in Modules in Python

External Modules in Python

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