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Basic Slicing and Advanced Indexing in NumPy

Last Updated : 23 Jul, 2025

Indexing a NumPy array means accessing the elements of the NumPy array at the given index.

There are two types of indexing in NumPy: basic indexing and advanced indexing.

Slicing a NumPy array means accessing the subset of the array. It means extracting a range of elements from the data.

In this tutorial, we will cover basic slicing and advanced indexing in the NumPy. NumPy arrays are optimized for indexing and slicing operations making them a better choice for data analysis projects.

Numpy in Python Introduction

Indexing is used to extract individual elements from a one-dimensional array.

It can also be used to extract rows, columns, or planes in a multi-dimensional NumPy array.

Example: Index in NumPy array

In the above example, we have highlighted the element "55" which is at index "2".

Let's discuss different methods to perform indexing in the NumPy array:

Indexing can be done in NumPy by using an array as an index.

Numpy arrays can be indexed with other arrays or any other sequence with the exception of tuples. The last element is indexed by -1 second last by -2 and so on.

In the case of slicing, a view or shallow copy of the array is returned but in an index array, a copy of the original array is returned.

Example: Indexing using an index array

import numpy as np
# Create a sequence of integers from 10 to 1 with a step of -2
a = np.arange(10, 1, -2) 
print("\n A sequential array with a negative step: \n",a)
# Indexes are specified inside the np.array method.
newarr = a[np.array([3, 1, 2 ])]
print("\n Elements at these indices are:\n",newarr)

Output : 

A sequential array with a negative step:
[10  8  6  4  2]
Elements at these indices are:
[4 8 6]

There are two types of indexing used in Python NumPy:

• Basic slicing and indexing
• Advanced indexing
  • Purely integer indexing
  • Boolean indexing

Basic slicing and indexing is used to access a specific element or range of elements from a NumPy array.

Basic slicing and indexing only return the view of the array.

Consider the syntax x[obj] where "x" is the array and "obj" is the index. The slice object is the index in the case of basic slicing.

Basic slicing occurs when obj is:

1. A slice object that is of the form start: stop: step
2. An integer
3. Or a tuple of slice objects and integers

All arrays generated by basic slicing are always 'view' of the original array.

Example: Basic Slicing in NumPy array

import numpy as np 
# Arrange elements from 0 to 19 
a = np.arrange(20) 
print("\n Array is:\n ",a) 
print("\n a[15]=",a[15])
# a[start:stop:step]
print("\n a[-8:17:1] = ",a[-8:17:1]) 
print("\n a[10:] = ",a[10:]) 

Output :

Array is:
 [ 0  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19]
 a[15]= 15
 a[-8:17:1] =  [12 13 14 15 16]
 a[10:] =  [10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19]

Ellipsis can also be used along with basic slicing. Ellipsis (…) is the number of: objects needed to make a selection tuple of the same length as the dimensions of the array.

Example: Basic slicing with ellipses

import numpy as np 
# A 3 dimensional array. 
b = np.array([[[1, 2, 3],[4, 5, 6]], 
            [[7, 8, 9],[10, 11, 12]]]) 
print(b[...,1]) #Equivalent to b[: ,: ,1 ] 

Output :

[[ 2  5]
 [ 8 11]]

NumPy Advanced indexing returns a copy of data rather than a view of it. Advanced indexing is of two types integer and Boolean.

Advanced indexing in the NumPy array allows you to access and manipulate complex patterns of the data.

Advanced indexing is triggered when obj is : 

• an ndarray of type integer or Boolean
• or a tuple with at least one sequence object
• is a non tuple sequence object

There are two types of Advanced Indexing in NumPy array indexing:

• Purely integer indexing
• Boolean integer indexing

Purely integer array indexing allows us to access elements from an ndarray (N-dimensional array) using integers.

When integers are used for indexing. Each element of the first dimension is paired with the element of the second dimension. So the index of the elements in this case are (0,0),(1,0),(2,1) and the corresponding elements are selected.

Example: Using purely integer array indexing

# Python program showing advanced indexing
import numpy as np
a = np.array([[1 ,2 ],[3 ,4 ],[5 ,6 ]])
print(a[[0 ,1 ,2 ],[0 ,0 ,1]])

Output : 

[1 3 6]

This indexing has some boolean expressions as the index.

Those elements are returned which satisfy that Boolean expression. It is used for filtering the desired element values.

Example 1: Using boolean indexing on NumPy array to find numbers greater than 50

# You may wish to select numbers greater than 50
import numpy as np

a = np.array([10, 40, 80, 50, 100])
print(a[a>50])

Output : 

[80 100]

Example 2: Using boolean indexing on NumPy array to find numbers whose sum row is 10

# You may wish to select those elements whose
# sum of row is a multiple of 10.
import numpy as np

b = np.array([[5, 5],[4, 5],[16, 4]])
sumrow = b.sum(-1)
print(b[sumrow%10==0])

Output : 

array([[ 5, 5], [16, 4]])

Indexing and Slicing are very important concepts for accessing data. Python NumPy allows you very easy methods for indexing and slicing elements from a NumPy array.

In this tutorial, we have basic slicing and advanced indexing in NumPy Python. We have explained basic slicing with examples and also dived deep into Advanced indexing. We have covered types of advanced indexing and explained each type in easy words with examples.

After completing this tutorial you will be easily able to apply index and slicing operations on your NumPy ndarrays. This tutorial will help you to save time and gain more skills.

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