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Conditional Statements in Python - GeeksforGeeks

Conditional Statements in Python

Last Updated : 04 Apr, 2025

Conditional statements in Python are used to execute certain blocks of code based on specific conditions. These statements help control the flow of a program, making it behave differently in different situations.

If Conditional Statement in Python

If statement is the simplest form of a conditional statement. It executes a block of code if the given condition is true.

Example:

Python 
age = 20

if age >= 18:
    print("Eligible to vote.")
Short Hand if

Short-hand if statement allows us to write a single-line if statement.

Example:

Python 
age = 19
if age > 18: print("Eligible to Vote.")

This is a compact way to write an if statement. It executes the print statement if the condition is true.

If else Conditional Statements in Python

Else allows us to specify a block of code that will execute if the condition(s) associated with an if or elif statement evaluates to False. Else block provides a way to handle all other cases that don't meet the specified conditions.

Example:

Python 
age = 10

if age <= 12:
    print("Travel for free.")
else:
    print("Pay for ticket.")
Short Hand if-else

The short-hand if-else statement allows us to write a single-line if-else statement.

Example:

Python 
marks = 45
res = "Pass" if marks >= 40 else "Fail"

print(f"Result: {res}")

Note: This method is also known as ternary operator. Ternary Operator essentially a shorthand for the if-else statement that allows us to write more compact and readable code, especially for simple conditions.

elif Statement

elif statement in Python stands for "else if." It allows us to check multiple conditions , providing a way to execute different blocks of code based on which condition is true. Using elif statements makes our code more readable and efficient by eliminating the need for multiple nested if statements.

Example:

Python 
age = 25

if age <= 12:
    print("Child.")
elif age <= 19:
    print("Teenager.")
elif age <= 35:
    print("Young adult.")
else:
    print("Adult.")

The code checks the value of age using if-elif-else. Since age is 25, it skips the first two conditions (age <= 12 and age <= 19), and the third condition (age <= 35) is True, so it prints "Young adult.".

Nested if..else Conditional Statements in Python

Nested if..else means an if-else statement inside another if statement. We can use nested if statements to check conditions within conditions.

Python 
age = 70
is_member = True

if age >= 60:
    if is_member:
        print("30% senior discount!")
    else:
        print("20% senior discount.")
else:
    print("Not eligible for a senior discount.")

Output 
30% senior discount!
Ternary Conditional Statement in Python

A ternary conditional statement is a compact way to write an if-else condition in a single line. It’s sometimes called a "conditional expression."

Example:

Python 
# Assign a value based on a condition
age = 20
s = "Adult" if age >= 18 else "Minor"

print(s)

Here:

Match-Case Statement in Python

match-case statement is Python's version of a switch-case found in other languages. It allows us to match a variable's value against a set of patterns.

Example:

Python 
number = 2

match number:
    case 1:
        print("One")
    case 2 | 3:
        print("Two or Three")
    case _:
        print("Other number")

Output:

Two or Three
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