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PostgreSQL Tutorial - GeeksforGeeks

Last Updated : 19 Jun, 2024

In this PostgreSQL tutorial you’ll learn the basic data types(Boolean, char, text, time, int etc.), Querying and Filtering techniques like select, where, in, order by, etc. managing and modifying the tables in PostgreSQL. We’ll cover all the basic to advance concepts of PostgreSQL in this tutorial. So if you are beginner who start to learn RDBMS or an expert who want to upscale you PostgreSQL skills, then keep reading this free PostgreSQL tutorial.

PostgreSQL is one of the most advanced Relational database management systems (RDBMS). It is open-source software, which means the source code is available under the PostgreSQL license. Anyone with the right skills is free to use, modify, and distribute PostgreSQL in any form. It supports both relational as well as Non-Relational JSON Queries.

PostgreSQL is an advanced and open-source relational database management system and is used as a database for many web applications, mobile and analytics applications. It supports both SQL (relational) and JSON (non-relational) querying and It is a stable database supported by more than 20 years of development by the open-source community.

As you know that PostgreSQL is a powerful, open-source relational database management system. It’s used Which is mostly use for storing, organizing, and retrieving data. Other then this things it is also widely used for:

• Data Storage: It stores data in an organized way using tables, making it easy to manage large amounts of information.
• Complex Queries: PostgreSQL supports complex queries, allowing you to fetch specific data using SQL (Structured Query Language).
• ACID Compliance: It ensures reliable transactions with ACID (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability) compliance, meaning your data remains accurate and secure.
• Scalability: Suitable for both small and large applications, PostgreSQL can handle a large number of users and large datasets.
• Extensibility: You can add custom functions, data types, and extensions, making PostgreSQL highly flexible and adaptable to various needs.
• Support for Advanced Data Types: It supports advanced data types like JSON, XML, and arrays, allowing for diverse data storage and manipulation.

In this begineer section, you'll learn the basics, from installing PostgreSQL to creating your first database and running simple queries. We'll guide you step-by-step through setting up tables, inserting data, and retrieving information using SQL commands.

Explore all the basics topics that every one know while learning the PostgreSQL, Here in this section you will learn introduction of PostgreSQL, how to install PostgreSQL on various OS and other PostgreSQL basics.

• PostgreSQL - Introduction
• Install PostgreSQL on Windows
• Install PostgreSQL on Mac
• PostgreSQL – Loading a Database
• PostgreSQL - Create Database
• PostgreSQL - ALTER DATABASE
• PostgreSQL - DROP DATABASE
• PostgreSQL - Rename Database
• PostgreSQL - Copy Database
• PostgreSQL - Size of a Database
• PostgreSQL - Show Databases

• PostgreSQL – Data Types
• PostgreSQL - Boolean Data Type
• PostgreSQL - CHAR Data Type
• PostgreSQL - VARCHAR Data Type
• PostgreSQL - TEXT Data Type
• PostgreSQL - NUMERIC Data Type
• PostgreSQL - SMALLINT Integer Data Type
• PostgreSQL - INTEGER Data Type
• PostgreSQL - BIGINT Integer Data Type
• PostgreSQL - Date Data Type
• PostgreSQL - Timestamp Data Type.
• PostgreSQL - UUID Data Type
• PostgreSQL - TIME Data Type
• PostgreSQL - Interval Data Type
• PostgreSQL - User-defined Data Type
• PostgreSQL - Array Data Type
• PostgreSQL - hstore Data Type
• PostgreSQL - JSON Data Type

• PostgreSQL – SELECT
• PostgreSQL – SELECT DISTINCT clause
• PostgreSQL – ORDER BY clause
• PostgreSQL – WHERE clause
• PostgreSQL – LIMIT clause
• PostgreSQL – FETCH clause
• PostgreSQL – IN operator
• PostgreSQL – IS NULL operator
• PostgreSQL – LIKE operator
• PostgreSQL – NOT LIKE operator
• PostgreSQL – BETWEEN operator
• PostgreSQL – HAVING clause
• PostgreSQL – GROUP BY clause

• PostgreSQL - CREATE TABLE
• PostgreSQL - SELECT INTO
• PostgreSQL - Create Auto-increment Column using SERIAL
• PostgreSQL - CREATE SEQUENCE
• PostgreSQL - Identity Column
• PostgreSQL - ALTER TABLE
• PostgreSQL - Rename Table
• PostgreSQL - ADD COLUMN
• PostgreSQL - DROP COLUMN
• PostgreSQL - Change Column Type
• PostgreSQL - RENAME COLUMN
• PostgreSQL - DROP TABLE
• PostgreSQL - TRUNCATE TABLE
• PostgreSQL - Temporary Table
• PostgreSQL - Temporary table name
• PostgreSQL - Removing Temporary Table
• PostgreSQL - Copy a Table
• PostgreSQL - Comparing Tables
• PostgreSQL - Describe Table
• PostgreSQL - Show Tables
• PostgreSQL – Import CSV File Into Table

• PostgreSQL – INSERT
• PostgreSQL - Insert multiple rows
• PostgreSQL – UPDATE
• PostgreSQL - DELETE
• PostgreSQL - Upsert

• PostgreSQL - CASE
• PostgreSQL - COALESCE
• PostgreSQL - NULLIF() Function
• PostgreSQL - CAST

• PostgreSQL - IF Statement
• PostgreSQL - CASE Statement
• PostgreSQL - Loop Statement
• PostgreSQL - While Loops
• PostgreSQL - For Loops
• PostgreSQL - Exit
• PostgreSQL - Continue

• PostgreSQL - Transactions
• PostgreSQL - COMMIT
• PostgreSQL - BEGIN
• PostgreSQL - ROLLBACK
• PostgreSQL - Primary Key
• PostgreSQL - Foreign Key
• PostgreSQL - CHECK Constraint
• PostgreSQL - UNIQUE Constraint
• PostgreSQL - NOT NULL Constraint

• PostgreSQL – Joins
• PostgreSQL – LEFT JOIN
• PostgreSQL – INNER JOIN
• PostgreSQL – FULL OUTER JOIN
• PostgreSQL – SELF JOIN
• PostgreSQL - Schema
• PostgreSQL - CREATE SCHEMA
• PostgreSQL - DROP SCHEMA
• PostgreSQL - ALTER SCHEMA

• PostgreSQL - CREATE ROLE
• PostgreSQL - ALTER ROLE
• PostgreSQL - DROP ROLE
• PostgreSQL - GRANT
• PostgreSQL - REVOKE
• PostgreSQL - Role Membership

• PostgreSQL – UNION operator
• PostgreSQL – INTERSECT Operator
• PostgreSQL – EXCEPT Operator
• PostgreSQL – GROUPING SETS
• PostgreSQL – CUBE
• PostgreSQL – ROLLUP

• PostgreSQL – ANY Operator
• PostgreSQL – ALL Operator
• PostgreSQL – EXISTS Operator
• PostgreSQL – CTE
• PostgreSQL - Deleting Duplicate Rows using Subquery

• PostgreSQL - CREATE FUNCTION Statement
• PostgreSQL - Function parameter modes
• PostgreSQL - Function Overloading
• PostgreSQL - Function that returns table
• PostgreSQL - Drop Function

• PostgreSQL - AVG() Function
• PostgreSQL - COUNT() Function
• PostgreSQL - MAX() Function
• PostgreSQL - MIN() Function
• PostgreSQL - SUM() Function
• PostgreSQL - FIRST_VALUE Function
• PostgreSQL - LAST_VALUE Function
• PostgreSQL - NTH_VALUE Function
• PostgreSQL - ROW_NUMBER Function
• PostgreSQL - CURRENT_DATE Function
• PostgreSQL - CURRENT_TIME Function
• PostgreSQL - EXTRACT Function
• PostgreSQL- CONCAT Function
• PostgreSQL - FORMAT Function
• PostgreSQL - UPPER function
• PostgreSQL- LOWER function
• PostgreSQL - REGEXP_MATCHES Function
• PostgreSQL - REGEXP_REPLACE Function
• PostgreSQL - REPLACE Function

Visit PostgreSQL In-Built functions for more.

In this section, you'll learn about advanced features of PostgreSQL that can help you manage your databases more efficiently. We'll cover topics like performance tuning, indexing strategies, and using advanced SQL functions. You'll also explore how to handle large datasets, optimize queries, and set up replication for high availability.

• PostgreSQL - Dollar-Quoted String Constants
• PostgreSQL - Block Structure

• PostgreSQL - Variables
• PostgreSQL - Select Into
• PostgreSQL - Row type variables
• PostgreSQL - Record type variable
• PostgreSQL - Constants

• PostgreSQL - Introduction to Stored Procedures
• PostgreSQL - CREATE PROCEDURE
• PostgreSQL - Drop Procedure

• PostgreSQL – Trigger
• PostgreSQL - CREATE TRIGGER
• PostgreSQL - DROP TRIGGER
• PostgreSQL - ALTER TRIGGER
• PostgreSQL - Disabling a Trigger
• PostgreSQL - Enabling a Trigger

• PostgreSQL - CREATE INDEX
• PostgreSQL - DROP INDEX
• PostgreSQL - List Indexes
• PostgreSQL - UNIQUE Index
• PostgreSQL - Partial Index
• PostgreSQL - Index On Expression
• PostgreSQL - REINDEX
• PostgreSQL - Multicolumn Indexes

• PostgreSQL - Errors and Messages
• PostgreSQL - Exception Handling
• PostgreSQL - Assert

PostgreSQL runs on all operating systems, Like Linux, UNIX, MAC OS and Windows and It supports text, images, sounds, and video, and includes programming interfaces for C / C++, Java, Perl, Python, Ruby, and Open Database Connectivity (ODBC).

PostgreSQL supports a big part of the SQL standard and provides many features mentioned below:

• Complex SQL queries
• SQL Sub-selects
• Foreign keys
• Trigger
• Views
• Transactions
• Multiversion concurrency control (MVCC)
• Streaming Replication (as of 9.0)
• Hot Standby (as of 9.0)
• Asynchronous replication
• Tablespaces

• PostgreSQL has the feature of write-ahead logging.
• Many replication methods are supported.
• It has ability to make large-scale web applications because it is robust and powerful.
• It is easy to learn.
• According to the organization we can edit and modify it easily because PostgreSQL is available for free to its open source license.

In this PostgreSQL tutorial, You will learn all the essentials of working with PostgreSQL Like installation, connecting to the database, creating and managing databases, SQL basics, querying data, advanced queries and joins, indexing and optimization, transactions and concurrency control, security and user management, backup and restore, PostGIS for geospatial data, and PostgreSQL extensions. PostgreSQL provides number of features Which makes it a versatile and reliable choice for building robust database-driven applications.

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