Last Updated : 29 Nov, 2018
numpy.expm1(array, out = None, where = True, casting = 'same_kind', order = 'K', dtype = None) :This mathematical function helps user to calculate exponential of all the elements subtracting 1 from all the input array elements.
Parameters :
array : [array_like]Input array or object whose elements, we need to test.
out : [ndarray, optional]Output array with same dimensions as Input array,
placed with result.
**kwargs : allows you to pass keyword variable length of argument to a function.
It is used when we want to handle named argument in a function.
where : [array_like, optional]True value means to calculate the universal
functions(ufunc) at that position, False value means to leave the
value in the output alone.
Return :
An array with exponential(all elements of input array) - 1.Code 1 : Working Python
# Python program explaining
# expm1() function
import numpy as np
in_array = [1, 3, 5]
print ("Input array : \n", in_array)
exp_values = np.exp(in_array)
print ("\nExponential value of array element : "
"\n", exp_values)
expm1_values = np.expm1(in_array)
print ("\n(Exponential value of array element) - (1) "
": \n", expm1_values)
Output :
Input array : [1, 3, 5] Exponential value of array element : [ 2.71828183 20.08553692 148.4131591 ] (Exponential value of array element) - (1) : [ 1.71828183 19.08553692 147.4131591 ]Code 2 : Graphical representation Python
# Python program showing
# Graphical representation of
# expm1() function
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
in_array = [1, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8, 2]
out_array = np.expm1(in_array)
print("out_array : ", out_array)
y = [1, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8, 2]
plt.plot(in_array, y, color = 'blue', marker = "*")
# red for numpy.expm1()
plt.plot(out_array, y, color = 'red', marker = "o")
plt.title("numpy.expm1()")
plt.xlabel("X")
plt.ylabel("Y")
plt.show()
Output :
out_array : [ 1.71828183 2.32011692 3.05519997 3.95303242 5.04964746 6.3890561 ]
References : https://docs.scipy.org/doc/numpy-1.13.0/reference/generated/numpy.expm1.html#numpy.expm1.
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