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How to Check Network Connectivity in Linux | ping Command

Ensuring a stable and reliable internet connection is crucial for seamless navigation and efficient communication in the world of Linux. The "ping" command is a powerful tool that allows users to check the status of their internet connection and diagnose network-related issues. In this article, we will explore how to use the ping command in Linux to verify internet connectivity and troubleshoot potential problems.

The PING (Packet Internet Groper) command is used to check the network connectivity between the host and server/host. This command takes as input the IP address or the URL and sends a data packet to the specified address with the message "PING" and gets a response from the server/host this time is recorded which is called latency. Fast ping with low latency means a faster connection. Ping uses ICMP(Internet Control Message Protocol) to send an ICMP echo message to the specified host if that host is available then it sends an ICMP reply message. Ping is generally measured in milliseconds every modern operating system has this ping pre-installed. 

The basic syntax of the ping command is as follows: 

ping [options] host_or_IP_address

Here, "host_or_IP_address" represents the destination you want to ping.

To check your internet connection using the ping command, open the terminal and type the following command:

ping www.google.com

Replace "www.google.com" with the desired host or IP address you want to ping. If the connection is successful, you will see a series of responses displaying the round-trip time, indicating that your internet connection is working. To stop pinging we should use ctrl+c otherwise it will keep on sending packets.

Here,

• min: minimum time to get a response
• avg: average time to get responses
• max: maximum time to get a response

The internet connection to www.google.com is working correctly with 0% packet loss, successful transmission and reception of 4 packets, and low round-trip time (RTT) values averaging 1.264 ms, indicating a responsive and stable connection.

To get ping version installed on your system. 

 ping -V

Earlier we did not define the number of packets to send to the server/host by using -c option we can do so. 

ping -c 2 www.geeksforgeeks.org

Earlier a default sized packets were sent to a host but we can send light and heavy packet by using -s option. 

 ping -s 40 -c 5 www.geeksforgeeks.org 

By default ping wait for 1 sec to send next packet we can change this time by using -i option.  

 ping -i 2 www.geeksforgeeks.org

Now, the ping interval will change to 2 seconds. 

To only get the summary about the network use -q option.

 ping -c 5 -q www.geeksforgeeks.org

 The following command demonstrates how to set a timeout for the PING command using the -w option.

 ping -w 3 www.geeksforgeeks.org

This command instructs the system to stop pinging the specified website (www.geeksforgeeks.org) after waiting for 3 seconds.

To flood a network with PING packets for testing network performance, use the `-f` option with the PING command.

 ping -f www.geeksforgeeks.org

This command floods the network with PING packets directed at www.geeksforgeeks.org, providing a means to assess and test network performance.

Timestamps record the current time of an event over a network. The ping command supports three timestamp options:

1. tsonly (timestamp only)
2. tsandaddr (timestamp and address)
3. tsprespec (timestamp pre-specified for multiple hosts)

 ping -T tsonly -c 2 127.0.0.1

 ping -T tsandaddr -c 2 127.0.0.1

Set the time to wait for a response using the `-W` option with the `ping` command

 ping -c 5 -W 3 www.geeksforgeeks.org

This command configures the system to wait for a response for a maximum of 3 seconds while sending 5 PING requests to `www.geeksforgeeks.org`. 

Use the `-p` option to fill a PING packet with specific data. For example, `-p ff` fills the packet with ones.

 ping -c 5 -p ff www.geeksforgeeks.org

This command fills PING packets sent to `www.geeksforgeeks.org` with the specified data, in this case, ones (represented by `ff`).

Path MTU Discovery helps determine the maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) a TCP path can handle. Use the `-M` option with values like `do` (prohibit fragmentation), `want` (do PMTU discovery, fragment locally when packet size is large), or `dont` (do not set DF flag). 

 ping -c 5 -M want www.geeksforgeeks.org

This command initiates Path MTU Discovery for the specified website (`www.geeksforgeeks.org`) with the option to either prohibit fragmentation (`do`), perform PMTU discovery with local fragmentation when needed (`want`), or not set the DF flag (`dont`). 

The Time To Live (TTL) represents the maximum hops a packet can traverse before getting discarded. Use the `-t` option to specify the TTL value. 

ping -c 5 -t 64 www.geeksforgeeks.org

This command sends 5 PING requests to www.geeksforgeeks.org with a Time To Live (TTL) set to 64, restricting the packet's maximum allowed hops. 

In this article we discussed the "ping" command which is a crucial tool in Linux for checking and maintaining a stable internet connection. This article provides a guide on using the ping command to verify connectivity, troubleshoot issues, and monitor network performance. It covers the basics of the command, important parameters, and various customization options. The inclusion of frequently asked questions addresses common concerns, making it easier for users to navigate and optimize their network connections in Linux. Ultimately, the ping command is a valuable resource for ensuring a responsive and reliable internet experience on Linux systems.

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