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locate command in Linux with Examples

Last Updated : 19 Jul, 2024

locate command in Linux is used to find the files by name. There are two most widely used file-searching utilities accessible to users called to find and locate. The locate utility works better and faster than the find command counterpart because instead of searching the file system when a file search is initiated, it would look through a database. This database contains bits and parts of files and their corresponding paths on your system. By default, locate command does not check whether the files found in the database still exist and it never reports files created after the most recent update of the relevant database.

locate [OPTION]... PATTERN...

Exit Status: This command will exit with status 0 if any specified match is found. If no match is found or a fatal error is encountered, then it will exit with status 1.

OPTIONS

DESCRIPTION

-b, --basename

Match only the base name against the specified patterns, which is the opposite of --wholename.

-c, --count

Instead of writing file names on standard output, write the number of matching entries only.

-d, --database DBPAT

Replace the default database with DBPATH. DBPATH is a : (colon) separated list of database file names. If more than one --database option is specified, the resulting path is a concatenation of the separate paths. An empty database file name is replaced by the default database. A database file name - refers to the standard input. Note that a database can be read from the standard input only once.

-e, --existing

Print only entries that refer to files existing at the time locate is run.

-L, --follow

When checking whether files exist (if the --existing option is specified), follow trailing symbolic links. This causes bro ken symbolic links to be omitted from the output. This option is the default behavior. The opposite can be specified using --nofollow.

-h, --help

Write a summary of the available options to standard output and exit successfully.

-i, --ignore-case

Ignore case distinctions when matching patterns.

-l, --limit, -n LIMIT

Exit successfully after finding LIMIT entries. If the --count option is specified, the resulting count is also limited to LIMIT.

-m, --mmap

Ignored, but included for compatibility with BSD and GNU locate.

-P, --nofollow, -H

When checking whether files exist (if the --existing option is specified), do not follow trailing symbolic links. This causes broken symbolic links to be reported like other files. This option is the opposite of --follow.

-0, --null

Separate the entries on output using the ASCII NULL character instead of writing each entry on a separate line. This option is designed for interoperability with the --null option of GNU xargs.

-S, --statistics

Write statistics about each read database to standard output instead of searching for files and exit successfully.

q, --quiet

Write no messages about errors encountered while reading and processing databases.

-r, --regexp REGEXP

Search for a basic regexp REGEXP. No PATTERNs are allowed if this option is used, but this option can be specified multiple times.

--regex

Interpret all PATTERNs as extended regexps.

-s, --stdio

Ignored, for compatibility with BSD and GNU locate.

-V, --version

Write information about the version and license of locate on standard output and exit successfully.

-w, --wholename

Match only the whole path name against the specified patterns. This option is the default behavior. The opposite can be specified using --basename.

locate sample.txt 

It will search for sample.txt in a particular directory.

locate "*.html" -n 20

It will show 20 results for the searching of file ending with .html.

locate -c [.txt]*

It will count files ending with .txt.

This command is configured to process queries in a case sensitive manner. It means SAMPLE.TXT will show a different result than sample.txt.

$ locate -i *SAMPLE.txt*

locate -i -0 *sample.txt*

Default separator for locate command is the newline (\\n) character. But if someone wants to use a different separator like the ASCII NULL, then he/she can do so using the -0 command line option.

In this article we have discussed the `locate` command in Linux which is a valuable tool for quickly searching for files and directories. It uses a pre-built database which allows for fast and efficient searches, making it an ideal choice for locating files in a large file system. Overall, we can say that by mastering the `locate` command and its various options, we can save time and effort when searching for specific files or directories on our Linux system.

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