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Conditional Statements | Shell Script

Last Updated : 27 Feb, 2020

Conditional Statements:

There are total 5 conditional statements which can be used in bash programming

if statement
if-else statement
if..elif..else..fi statement (Else If ladder)
if..then..else..if..then..fi..fi..(Nested if)
switch statement

Their description with syntax is as follows:

if statement

This block will process if specified condition is true.

Syntax:

if [ expression ]
then
   statement
fi

if-else statement

If specified condition is not true in if part then else part will be execute.

Syntax

if [ expression ]
then
   statement1
else
   statement2
fi

if..elif..else..fi statement (Else If ladder)

To use multiple conditions in one if-else block, then elif keyword is used in shell. If expression1 is true then it executes statement 1 and 2, and this process continues. If none of the condition is true then it processes else part.

Syntax

if [ expression1 ]
then
   statement1
   statement2
   .
   .
elif [ expression2 ]
then
   statement3
   statement4
   .
   .
else
   statement5
fi

if..then..else..if..then..fi..fi..(Nested if)

Nested if-else block can be used when, one condition is satisfies then it again checks another condition. In the syntax, if expression1 is false then it processes else part, and again expression2 will be check.

Syntax:

if [ expression1 ]
then
   statement1
   statement2
   .
else
   if [ expression2 ]
   then
      statement3
      .
   fi
fi

switch statement

case statement works as a switch statement if specified value match with the pattern then it will execute a block of that particular pattern When a match is found all of the associated statements until the double semicolon (;;) is executed. A case will be terminated when the last command is executed. If there is no match, the exit status of the case is zero.

Syntax:

case  in
   Pattern 1) Statement 1;;
   Pattern n) Statement n;;
esac

Example Programs Example 1:

Implementing

if

statement

PHP


 #Initializing two variables
a=10
b=20

#Check whether they are equal
if [ $a == $b ]
then
    echo "a is equal to b"
fi

#Check whether they are not equal
if [ $a != $b ]
then
    echo "a is not equal to b"
fi

Output

$bash -f main.sh
a is not equal to b

Example 2:

Implementing

if.else

statement

PHP


 #Initializing two variables
a=20
b=20

if [ $a == $b ]
then
    #If they are equal then print this
    echo "a is equal to b"
else
    #else print this
    echo "a is not equal to b"
fi

Output

$bash -f main.sh
a is equal to b

Example 3:

Implementing

switch

statement

php


 CARS="bmw"

#Pass the variable in string
case "$CARS" in
    #case 1
    "mercedes") echo "Headquarters - Affalterbach, Germany" ;;
    
    #case 2
    "audi") echo "Headquarters - Ingolstadt, Germany" ;;
    
    #case 3
    "bmw") echo "Headquarters - Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India" ;;
esac

Output

$bash -f main.sh
Headquarters - Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

Note:

Shell scripting is a case-sensitive language, which means proper syntax has to be followed while writing the scripts.

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