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JavaScript Multidimensional Array - GeeksforGeeks

Last Updated : 12 Jul, 2025

A multidimensional array in JavaScript is an array that contains other arrays as its elements. These are often used to represent data in a grid or matrix format.

In JavaScript, there is no direct syntax for multidimensional arrays, but you can achieve this by creating arrays within arrays.

JavaScript doesn’t have built-in support for multidimensional arrays like some other languages. But we can still create them by making an array where each element is itself another array. This allows you to create 2D or even 3D arrays.

There are two common ways to create a multidimensional array in JavaScript:

The easiest and most common way to create a multidimensional array is by using square brackets ([]), also known as array literals. This method allows you to directly define arrays within arrays.

let matrix = [
    [101, 'Ankit', 'Noida'],
    [102, 'Ravi', 'Delhi'],
    [103, 'Sneha', 'Mumbai']
];

Another way to create a multidimensional array is by using the Array() constructor.. This can be useful when you need to dynamically create arrays based on conditions.

let matrix = new Array(3); // Creates a new array with 3 undefined elements
for (let i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
  matrix[i] = new Array(3).fill(0); // Each sub-array has 3 elements filled with 0
}

To access an element in a multidimensional array, you can use the index notation array[rowIndex][columnIndex]. Remember that JavaScript arrays are zero-indexed, meaning the first element has an index of 0.

let mat = [
    ["a", "b", "c"],
    ["d", "e", "f"],
    ["g", "h", "i"]
];

console.log(mat[1]);
console.log(mat[2][1]);

[ 'd', 'e', 'f' ]
h

To iterate over a multidimensional array, you can use nested loops. Each loop will iterate over one dimension of the array.

let mat = [
    [1, 2, 3],
    [4, 5, 6],
    [7, 8, 9]
];

for (let i = 0; i < mat.length; i++) {
    for (let j = 0; j < mat[i].length; j++) {
        console.log(mat[i][j]);
    }
}

To add elements to a multidimensional array, you can use array methods like push(), unshift(), or directly assign values to specific indices.

• Example: Adding a Row

let mat = [
    [1, 2, 3],
    [4, 5, 6]
];

// Add a new row
mat.push([7, 8, 9]);

console.log(mat);

[ [ 1, 2, 3 ], [ 4, 5, 6 ], [ 7, 8, 9 ] ]

• Example 2: Adding an Element at a Specific Position.

let mat = [
    [1, 2, 3],
    [4, 5, 6]
];

mat[1][1] = 10;

console.log(mat);

[ [ 1, 2, 3 ], [ 4, 10, 6 ] ]

To remove elements from a multidimensional array, you can use methods like pop(), shift(), or splice().

• Example 1: Removing a Row

let mat = [
    [1, 2, 3],
    [4, 5, 6],
    [7, 8, 9]
];

// Remove the last row
mat.pop();

console.log(mat);

[ [ 1, 2, 3 ], [ 4, 5, 6 ] ]

• Example 2: Removing an Element at a Specific Position

let mat = [
    [1, 2, 3],
    [4, 5, 6],
    [7, 8, 9]
];

delete mat[1][1];

console.log(mat);

[ [ 1, 2, 3 ], [ 4, <1 empty item>, 6 ], [ 7, 8, 9 ] ]

JavaScript is best known for web page development but it is also used in a variety of non-browser environments. You can learn JavaScript from the ground up by following this JavaScript Tutorial and JavaScript Examples.

• Avoid Deep Nesting: Minimize excessive nesting to keep your code maintainable. Consider using objects or maps for complex data structures.
• Use Descriptive Variable Names: Use clear, meaningful names for arrays to make your code more understandable (e.g., gameBoard instead of arr).
• Check Array Lengths: Always check the array's length before accessing its elements to avoid errors and undefined values.

JavaScript does not have built-in support for multidimensional arrays like some other programming languages, but you can simulate them using nested arrays. This approach allows you to work with grids, matrices, or even higher-dimensional data structures. With array methods like push(), pop(), shift(), and splice(), you can easily modify the elements of multidimensional arrays.

JavaScript Multidimensional Array

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