Last Updated : 23 Jul, 2025
In JavaScript, the Window object represents the browser window that contains a DOM document.
The Window object offers various properties and methods that enable interaction with the browser environment, including manipulating the document, handling events, managing timers, displaying dialog boxes, and more.
The Window object in JavaScript has numerous properties that provide access to various aspects of the browser environment and the window itself. Here are some commonly used properties:
Property Name
Description
window.document Refers to the Document object representing the HTML document shown in the window. window.console Returns the window's Console object. window.location The location attribute makes reference to the Location object, which has data about the page's current URL. window.defaultStatus It is now Abandoned. window.closed If a window is closed, it returns a true boolean value. window.frameElement It gives the window's current frame back. window.frame returns every window item currently active in the window. window.history Retrieves the window's History object. window.length It gives the number of iframe> elements currently present in the window. window.localStorage provides the ability to store key/value pairs in a web browser. stores data without a time. window.innerWidth and window.innerHeight Without including the toolbars and scrollbars, these characteristics describe the width & height of the browser window. window.opener It returns a pointer to the window that created the window in the opener function. window.outerHeight You can use outerHeight to return the height of the browser window, including toolbars and scrollbars. window.outerWidth You can outerWidth to get the width of the browser window, including toolbars and scrollbars. window.name Returns or sets a window's name. window.parent Brings up the current window's parent window. window.sessionStorage Provides the ability to store key/value pairs in a web browser. Contains data for a single session. window.scrollX It is a pageXOffset alias. window.scrollY It is a pageYOffset alias. window.self It provides the window's current state. window.status It is now Deprecated. Don't employ it. window.top It provides the top-most browser window back. window.screen The screen attribute makes reference to the Screen object, which stands in for the screen that the browser is shown on. window.history The History object, which includes details about the current page's browsing history, is the subject of the history property. window.pageXOffset The number of pixels that the current document has been scrolled horizontally. window.pageYOffset The number of pixels that the current document has been scrolled vertically. window.screenLeft: The x-coordinate of the current window relative to the screen. window.screenTop The y-coordinate of the current window relative to the screen. window.screenX The x-coordinate of the current window relative to the screen (deprecated). window.screenY The y-coordinate of the current window relative to the screen (deprecated). window.navigator An object representing the browser and its capabilities Window Object Properties ExamplesExample 1: We will use the console property in this example to show how it works.
index.js
// This is console property
console.log(window.location)
Output:
Location {ancestorOrigins: DOMStringList, href: 'chrome://new-tab-page/', origin: 'chrome://new-tab-page', protocol: 'chrome:', host: 'new-tab-page', …}Window Object Methods:
Methods in JavaScript are functions associated with objects. They perform operations or calculate values. Here are some methods of the Window object:
Syntax:
window.MethodName()
NOTE: Depending on the attributes, a parameter could have any value, including a string, number, object, and more.
Here is a list of some of the methods of the window object:
Property Name Description window.open() This method opens a new browser window or tab. window.close() This method closes the current window or tab. window.alert() This method displays an alert message to the user. window.prompt() This method displays a prompt message to the user and waits for their input. window.confirm() This method displays a confirm message to the user and waits for their response.window.focus: brings the current window or tab to the front. window.blur() Sends the current window or tab to the back. window.postMessage() Sends a message to the window or frame that is targeted by the specified WindowProxy object. window.scrollTo() Scrolls the window or frame to a specific position. window.scrollBy() Scrolls the window or frame by a specific number of pixels. window.resizeTo() Resizes the window to a specific size. window.resizeBy() Resizes the window by a specific number of pixels. window.atob() A base-64 encoded string is decoded via atob(). window.btoa() Base-64 encoding is done with btoa(). window.clearInterval() A timer set with setInterval() is reset. window.clearTimeout() The function clearTimeout() resets a timer specified with setTimeout(). window.focus() It switches the focus to the active window. window.getComputedStyle() This function returns the element's current computed CSS styles. window.getSelection() It provides a Selection object corresponding to the user-selected text selection range. window.matchMedia() The provided CSS media query string is represented by a MediaQueryList object created by the matchMedia() function. window.moveBy() Relocates a window with respect to its present location. window.moveTo() Relocates a window to the given location. window.print() Displays what is currently displayed in the window. window.requestAnimationFrame() Before the subsequent repaint, the browser is asked to invoke a function to update an animation using the requestAnimationFrame() method. window.setInterval() At predetermined intervals, setInterval() calls a function or evaluates an expression (in milliseconds). window.setTimeout() When a certain amount of milliseconds have passed, the setTimeout() method calls a function or evaluates an expression. window.stop() It halts the loading of the window. Window Object Method ExampleExample 1: We'll use the window.alert method in this example to show how it works:
index.js
// This is window.alert method
console.log(window.alert("GeeksforGeeks"))
Output:
Example 2: In this example, we'll use the setInterval() Method:
index.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<h2>The setInterval() Method</h2>
<p id="demo"></p>
<script>
const element = document.getElementById("demo");
setInterval(function () {
element.innerHTML += "GeeksforGeeks</br>"
}, 500);
</script>
</body>
</html>
Output:
setInterval() Method Example Output ConclusionThe Window object in JavaScript represents the browser window or frame. It offers properties like innerHeight, innerWidth, and screen, as well as methods like alert(), confirm(), and open(), enabling interaction and control over the window and document.
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