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Difference between Java and JavaScript

Last Updated : 28 Jul, 2025

Java is a statically typed, object-oriented programming language for building platform-independent applications. JavaScript is a dynamically typed scripting language primarily used for interactive web development. Despite similar names, they serve different purposes and have distinct syntax, runtime environments, and use cases.

JavaScript

JavaScript was created in the first place for DOM manipulation. Earlier websites were mostly static, after JS was created dynamic Web sites were made.
Functions in JS are objects. They may have properties and methods just like other objects. They can be passed as arguments in other functions.
Can handle date and time.
Performs Form Validation although the forms are created using HTML.
No compiler is needed.

Example: This is the basic JavaScript example.

JavaScript


 console.log("Welcome to GeeksforGeeks Learning");

Output

Welcome to GeeksforGeeks Learning

Java

Java is an object-oriented programming language and has a virtual machine platform that allows you to create compiled programs that run on nearly every platform. Java promised, "Write Once, Run Anywhere".

Features of Java are as follows:

Platform Independent: The compiler converts source code to bytecode and then the JVM executes the bytecode generated by the compiler. This bytecode can run on any platform.
Object-Oriented Programming Language: Organizing the program in terms of a collection of objects is a way of object-oriented programming, each of which represents an instance of the class. There are 4 pillars of OOP's concept:
Simple: Java is one of the simple languages as it does not have complex features like pointers, operator overloading, multiple inheritances, and Explicit memory allocation.
Robust: Java language is robust which means reliable. It is developed in such a way that it puts a lot of effort into checking errors as early as possible, which is why the Java compiler can detect even those errors that are not easy to detect by another programming language.
Secure: In Java, we don’t have pointers, and so we cannot access out-of-bound arrays i.e. it shows ArrayIndexOutOfBound Exception if we try to do so.
Distributed: We can create distributed applications using the Java programming language. Remote Method Invocation and Enterprise Java Beans are used for creating distributed applications in java.
Multithreading: Java supports multithreading. It is a Java feature that allows concurrent execution of two or more parts of a program for maximum utilization of the CPU.

Example: This is the basic Java program.

Java


 // Importing required classes
import java.io.*;

// Main class
class GFG {

    // Main driver method
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        // Print statement
        System.out.println(
            "Welcome to GeeksforGeeks Learning");
    }
}

Output

Welcome to GeeksforGeeks Learning

Difference between Java and JavaScript Java JavaScript Java is a strongly typed language and variables must be declared first to use in the program. In Java, the type of a variable is checked at compile-time. JavaScript is a loosely typed language and has a more relaxed syntax and rules. Java is an object-oriented programming language primarily used for developing complex enterprise applications. JavaScript is a scripting language used for creating interactive and dynamic web pages. Java applications can run in any virtual machine(JVM) or browser. JavaScript code used to run only in the browser, but now it can run on the server via Node.js. Objects of Java are class-based even we can't make any program in java without creating a class. JavaScript Objects are prototype-based. Java program has the file extension “.Java” and translates source code into bytecodes which are executed by JVM(Java Virtual Machine). JavaScript file has the file extension “.js” and it is interpreted but not compiled, every browser has the Javascript interpreter to execute JS code.if compile time Java is a Standalone language. contained within a web page and integrates with its HTML content. Java has a thread-based approach to concurrency. Javascript has an event-based approach to concurrency. Java supports multithreading, which allows multiple threads of execution to run concurrently within a single program. JavaScript does not support multithreading, although it can simulate it through the use of web workers. Java has a rich set of libraries and frameworks for building enterprise applications, such as Spring, Hibernate, and Struts. JavaScript has a wide variety of libraries and frameworks for building web applications, such as React, Angular, and Vue. Java is mainly used for backend Javascript is used for the frontend and backend both. Java is statically typed, which means that data types are determined at compile time. JavaScript is dynamically typed, which means that data types are determined at runtime. Java is typically used on the server side for building web applications, as well as for desktop and mobile applications. JavaScript is primarily used on the client side for building web applications, although it can also be used on the server side with technologies like Node.js. Java uses more memory Javascript uses less memory. Java requires a Java Development Kit(JDK) to run the code Javascript requires any text editor or browser console to run the code.
Conclusion

In conclusion, while Java and JavaScript share similar names, they serve different purposes: Java for robust, cross-platform applications and JavaScript for dynamic, web-based content. Understanding their distinct roles and capabilities is crucial for leveraging their strengths in appropriate contexts.

Difference between Java and JavaScript

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