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Java Stream findAny() with examples

Last Updated : 26 Sep, 2023

Stream findAny() returns an Optional (a container object which may or may not contain a non-null value) describing some element of the stream, or an empty Optional if the stream is empty.

Optional<T> findAny()

1. Optional is a container object which may or may not contain a non-null value and
2. T is the type of object and the function

Returns an Optional describing some element of this stream, or an empty Optional if the stream is empty.

Exception : If the element selected is null,

NullPointerException is thrown.

Note: findAny() is a terminal-short-circuiting operation of Stream interface. This method returns any first element satisfying the intermediate operations. This is a short-circuit operation because it just needs 'any' first element to be returned and terminate the rest of the iteration.

Example 1: findAny() method on Integer Stream.

// Java code for Stream findAny()
// which returns an Optional describing
// some element of the stream, or an
// empty Optional if the stream is empty.
import java.util.*;

class GFG {
    // Driver code
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        // Creating a List of Integers
        List<Integer> list = Arrays.asList(2, 4, 6, 8, 10);

        // Using Stream findAny() to return
        // an Optional describing some element
        // of the stream
        Optional<Integer> answer = list.stream().findAny();

        // if the stream is empty, an empty
        // Optional is returned.
        if (answer.isPresent()) {
            System.out.println(answer.get());
        }
        else {
            System.out.println("no value");
        }
    }
}

[tabbyending]

Example 2: findAny() function on Stream of Strings.

// Java code for Stream findAny()
// which returns an Optional describing
// some element of the stream, or an
// empty Optional if the stream is empty.
import java.util.*;

class GFG {
    // Driver code
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {

        // Creating a List of Strings
        List<String> list = Arrays.asList("Geeks", "for",
                                          "GeeksQuiz", "GFG");

        // Using Stream findAny() to return
        // an Optional describing some element
        // of the stream
        Optional<String> answer = list.stream().findAny();

        // if the stream is empty, an empty
        // Optional is returned.
        if (answer.isPresent()) {
            System.out.println(answer.get());
        }
        else {
            System.out.println("no value");
        }
    }
}

[tabbyending]

Note : The behavior of Stream findAny() operation is explicitly non-deterministic i.e, it is free to select any element in the stream. Multiple invocations on the same source may not return the same result.

Example 3 : findAny() method to return the elements divisible by 4, in a non-deterministic way.

// Java code for Stream findAny()
// which returns an Optional describing
// some element of the stream, or an
// empty Optional if the stream is empty.
import java.util.OptionalInt;
import java.util.stream.IntStream;

class GFG {
    // Driver code
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {

        // Creating an IntStream
        IntStream stream
            = IntStream.of(4, 5, 8, 10, 12, 16).parallel();

        // Using Stream findAny().
        // Executing the source code multiple times
        // may not return the same result.
        // Every time you may get a different
        // Integer which is divisible by 4.
        stream = stream.filter(i -> i % 4 == 0);

        OptionalInt answer = stream.findAny();
        if (answer.isPresent()) {
            System.out.println(answer.getAsInt());
        }
    }
}

[tabbyending]

The findAny() method returns any element from a Stream but there might be a case where we require the first element of a filtered stream to be fetched. When the stream being worked on has a defined encounter order(the order in which the elements of a stream are processed), then findFirst() is useful which returns the first element in a Stream.

Note: Finding the first element is more constraining in parallel. If you don’t care about which element is returned, use findAny because it’s less constraining when using parallel streams.

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