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Java if-else Statement - GeeksforGeeks

Last Updated : 03 Dec, 2024

The if-else statement in Java is a powerful decision-making tool used to control the program's flow based on conditions. It executes one block of code if a condition is true and another block if the condition is false. In this article, we will learn Java if-else statement with examples.

Example:

// Java Program to demonstrate 
// if-else statement
public class IfElse {
  
    public static void main(String[] args) {
      
        int n = 10;

        if (n > 5) {
            System.out.println("The number is greater than 5.");
        } else {
            System.out.println("The number is 5 or less.");
        }
    }
}

The number is greater than 5.

Dry-Running the Above Example:

1. Program starts.
2. n is initialized to 10.
3. if condition is checked: 10 > 5, yields true.
   • Block inside the if statement executes: "The number is greater than 5." is printed.
4. The else block is skipped as the condition is true.

if (condition) { // Executes this block if // condition is true } else { // Executes this block if // condition is false }

1. Control falls into the if block.
2. The flow jumps to the condition.
3. The condition is tested:
   1. If the condition yields true, go to Step 4.
   2. If the condition yields false, go to Step 5.
4. The if block or the body inside the if is executed.
5. If the condition is false, the else block is executed instead.
6. Control exits the if-else block.

Below is the Java if-else flowchart.

In the above flowchart of Java if-else, it states that the condition is evaluated, and if it is true, the if block executes; otherwise, the else block executes, followed by the continuation of the program.

In Java, we can use nested if statements to create more complex conditional logic. Nested if statements are if statements inside other if statements.

if (condition1) { // code block 1 if (condition2) { // code block 2 } }

Example:

// Java Program to implement
// Nested if statement
public class NestedIf {
 
    public static void main(String[] args) {
      
        int a = 25;
        double w = 65.5;
      
        if (a >= 18) {
            if (w >= 50.0) {
                System.out.println("You are eligible to donate blood.");
            } else {
                System.out.println("You must weigh at least 50 kilograms to donate blood.");
            }
        } else {
            System.out.println("You must be at least 18 years old to donate blood.");
        }
    }
}

You are eligible to donate blood.

Note: The first print statement is in a block of "if" so the second statement is not in the block of "if". The third print statement is in else but that else doesn't have any corresponding "if". That means an "else" statement cannot exist without an "if" statement.

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