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C vs C++ vs Java vs Python vs JavaScript
C vs C++ vs Java vs Python vs JavaScript
Last Updated : 12 Aug, 2025
C, C++, Java, Python and JavaScript are among the most popular and influential languages, but they serve very different purposes.
- C – Compiled, procedural. A low-level, high-performance language with direct memory access via pointers. Common in operating systems, embedded systems and performance-critical software.
- C++ – Compiled, multi-paradigm (procedural, OOP, generic). Extends C with classes, templates and RAII. Used in game engines, simulations and high-performance applications.
- Java – Compiled to bytecode, runs on JVM (interpreted/JIT-compiled). Platform-independent, strongly typed, with automatic garbage collection. Popular for enterprise android and backend systems.
- Python – Dynamically typed, typically first compiled and then interpreted via bytecode execution. Prioritizes readability and rapid development. Dominates AI, data science and automation.
- JavaScript – Interpreted with JIT compilation, event-driven, prototype-based. Core language for web development; runs in browsers and on servers via Node.js.
Feature C C++ Java Python JavaScript Typing Static Static Static Dynamic Dynamic Syntax Complexity High, low-level & manual High, verbose & manual control Medium, strict but simpler than C++ Low, very simple & readable Medium, flexible but quirky Memory Management Manual Manual + RAII Automatic (Garbage Collector) Automatic (Garbage Collector) Automatic (Garbage Collector) Main Use Cases OS, compilers, embedded systems Games, simulations, system software Enterprise apps android, backend Data science, AI, scripting, web Web front-end, backend (Node.js) Execution Speed Fastest Fastest Fast Slower Fast in browsers Paradigm Procedural Procedural + OOP OOP Multi-paradigm Event-driven + functional
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