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Showing content from https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/go-language/goroutines-concurrency-in-golang/ below:

Goroutines - Concurrency in Golang

Last Updated : 29 Oct, 2024

Goroutines in Go let functions run concurrently, using less memory than traditional threads. Every Go program starts with a main Goroutine, and if it exits, all others stop.

package main
import "fmt"
func display(str string) {

    for i := 0; i < 3; i++ {
        fmt.Println(str)
    }
}
func main() {

    go display("Hello, Goroutine!")  // Runs concurrently
    display("Hello, Main!")
}

func functionName(){
    // statements
}
// Using `go` to run as a Goroutine

go functionName()

To create a Goroutine, prefix the function or method call with the go keyword.

func functionName(){
    // statements
}
// Using `go` to run as a Goroutine
go functionName()

Example:

package main
import "fmt"

func display(s string) {
    for i := 0; i < 3; i++ {
        fmt.Println(s)
    }
}

func main() {
    go display("Hello, Goroutine!")  // Runs concurrently
    display("Hello, Main!")
}

Hello, Main!
Hello, Main!
Hello, Main!

In this example, only the results from the display function in the main Goroutine appear, as the program does not wait for the new Goroutine to complete. To synchronize, we can use time.Sleep() to allow time for both Goroutines to execute.

Adding time.Sleep() allows both the main and new Goroutine to execute fully.

Example:

package main
import (
    "fmt"
    "time"
)
func display(s string) {
    for i := 0; i < 3; i++ {
        time.Sleep(500 * time.Millisecond)
        fmt.Println(s)
    }
}

func main() {
    go display("Goroutine Active")
    display("Main Function")
}

Main Function
Goroutine Active
Goroutine Active
Main Function
Goroutine Active
Main Function

Anonymous functions can also be run as Goroutines by using the go keyword.

go func(parameters) {
    // function logic
}(arguments)

Example:

package main
import (
    "fmt"
    "time"
)
func main() {
    go func(s string) {
        for i := 0; i < 3; i++ {
            fmt.Println(s)
            time.Sleep(500 * time.Millisecond)
        }
    }("Hello from Anonymous Goroutine!")

    time.Sleep(2 * time.Second) // Allow Goroutine to finish
    fmt.Println("Main function complete.")
}

Hello from Anonymous Goroutine!
Hello from Anonymous Goroutine!
Hello from Anonymous Goroutine!
Main function complete.

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