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Kubernetes - Replication Controller - GeeksforGeeks

Last Updated : 06 Aug, 2025

With the help of the open-source container orchestration technology Kubernetes, software deployment, scalability, and management are mostly automated. Another name for Kubernetes is K8s. Google created Kubernetes, which is now overseen by the Cloud Native Computing Foundation. Even though it now works with CRI-O as well as Docker runtime, with which it was initially intended to work. Automating operational activities for container management is Kubernetes' primary goal. It has built-in capabilities for deploying apps and rolling out necessary application modifications. Businesses like Google, Spotify, and Capital One currently use it.

The main purpose of the Replication Controller is to make sure that a specific number of Pod replicas are being run at a particular time. The job of the replication controller is to make sure of the availability of a Pod or a set of Pods to perform any task. It is often represented as "RC". 

If there are multiple pods present at a time and are not being used then it is the Job of the ReplicationController to terminate the extra pods. If there are very few pods and there is no available pod to do the work then it is the responsibility of the Replication Controller to create more Pods. The pods which are created by the replication controller are replaced automatically if they fail, unlike the manually created pods. The job of a Replication controller is very similar to that of a Process Supervisor the only difference is that the Replication controller supervises multiple pods across various nodes whereas the Process supervisor will only check individual processes at only one node. 

By using the following yaml file you can run the tomcat as a container in the Kubernetes cluster. Create a yaml file with the name tomcat.yaml and paste the following code in that file.

apiVersion: v1
kind: ReplicationController
metadata:
  name: tomcat
spec:
  replicas: 3
  selector:
    app: tomcat
  template:
    metadata:
      name: tomcat
      labels:
        app: tomcat
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: tomcat
        image: tomcat:latest 
        ports:
        - containerPort: 8080

After creating yaml file know to run the yaml file by using the following command:

kubectl. apply -f tomcat.yaml

If you get the output as the following:

replicationcontroller/tomcat created

Then that your replication controller is created successfully. You can check the status of replication by using the following command.

kubectl describe replicationcontrollers/tomcat

RepilcationController requires the following content to write a yaml file.

• apiVersion
• Kind
• spec
• selector
• template
• labels
• spec

Following is the sample yaml file to write the replication controller:

apiVersion: v1
kind: ReplicationController
metadata:
  name: <replicationControllerName>
  namespace: <nameSpaceName>
spec:
  replicas: <noOfReplicas>
  selector:
    <key>: <value>
  template: # POD Template
    metadata:
      name: <PODName>
      labels:
    <key>: <value>
    spec:
    - containers:
      - name: <nameOfTheContainer>
    image: <imageName>
    ports:
    - containerPort: <containerPort>

template:

metadata:

labels:

app:<value>

The labels which are used in the replication controller are the key-value pairs that can be attached to the resources and can be reused for recognizing the resources. Labels play a major role in the replication controller where you can identify and organize the pods. By using labels you can also manage the scheduling of pods to the required nodes.

A pod selector will select the pods based on their labels. Pod selector works on the key/value pair where the selectors can be used in various Kubernetes resources like

• Replication controller.
• Deployments.
• Deamonset.

selector:

app: nginx

multiple labels can be used in pod selector you can separate them by using commas as the following.

selector:

app: web app

tier: frontend

A ReplicationController is a structure that enables you to easily create multiple pods, then make sure that that number of pods always exists. If a pod does crash, the ReplicationController can be merged different services. Replication Controllers and PODS are associated with labels. Creating “RC” with a count of 1 ensures that a POD is always available.

apiVersion: v1
kind: ReplicationController
metadata:
  name: nginx-rc
spec:
  replicas: 2
  selector:
    app: nginx
  template:
    metadata:
     name: nginx
     labels:
      app: nginx
  spec:
    containers:
   - name: nginx
     image: nginx
     ports:
    - containerPort: 80

Repilcation Controller will make sure that the desired no.of pods that are created by using Replication Controller is matching.

1. ReplicationController will balance the desired no.of pods with the pods which are running if not replication will generate the new pods to ensure the desired and running pods are matching.
2. ReplicationController will delete the pods if the running is more than the desired count.
3. The health of the pods is monitored by using the replication controller. If any pod failed in the health then the replication controller will replace thereby creating a new pod.
4. It ensures that the desired number of pods is always running, even if some pods fail or are deleted.

ReplicationController will maintain the pod lifecycle by making sure that the desired is matching with no.of pods running.

Replicaset is the next-generation of replication controller.

A Replication Controller is a structure that enables you to easily create multiple pods, then make sure that that number of pods always exists.

A Replicaset is a structure that enables you to easily create multiple pods, then make sure that that number of pods always exists.

Replication Controllers and PODS are associated with labels

ReplicaSet and PODS are associated with the selectors.

The major difference between a ReplicaSet and a Replication Controller right now is the selector support.

ReplicaSet supports the new set-based selector requirements as described in the labels user guide whereas a Replication Controller only supports equality-based selector requirements.

A Replication Controller is a structure that enables you to easily create multiple pods, then make sure that that number of pods always exists. If a pod does crash, the Replication Controller replaces it.

In Kubernetes, Deployment is the recommended way to deploy Pod or RS, simply because of the advance features it comes with.

ReplicationController can't perform the rolling updates and rollouts.

Deployment can perform the rolling updates and rollouts.

The replication controller can't scale the pods so there is no command for scaling.

The command used to scale the deployment was as follows:

kubectl scale deployment [DEPLOYMENT_NAME] --replicas 
[NUMBER_OF_REPLICAS]

If you want to scale the pods depending upon the incoming traffic you need to make the changes in the manifest file.

By using the commands you can scale the pods depending on the incoming traffic.

We can delete any Replication Controller and all its pod by using the command kubectl delete. To more about Kubectl commands refer to the Kubernetes – Kubectl Commands

$ kubectl delete

The ReplicationController will become zero and will delete all the pods first before deleting the Replication Controller. There is a possibility to delete only the Replication Controller and not the pods, for this we need to specify the --cascade=orphan option with the kubectl delete command. 

$ kubectl delete --cascade=orphan

This command will enable the process by scaling the Replication Controller to zero then waiting till the pods are deleted and then deleting the said replication controller. If this process stops without completion then it is restarted. 

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