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8 Ways to Initialize Vector in C++

Last Updated : 06 Nov, 2024

Initializing a vector means assigning some initial values to the std::vector elements. In this article, we will learn 8 different ways to initialize a vector in C++.

We can initialize a vector with the list of values enclosed in curly braces {} known as initializer list. The values of the list will be assigned sequentially i.e. 1st value will be assigned to the 1st element of vector, 2nd value to 2nd element and so on.

vector<type> v = {val1, val2, val3,...};

where, val1, val2, val3,... are the initial values.

// C++ Program to initializ std::vector with
// initializer list
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

int main() {

    // Initializing std::vector with list of
    // multiple values
    vector<int> v = {11, 23, 45, 89};

    for (auto i : v)
        cout << i << " ";
    return 0;
}

Vector can be initialized by pushing value one by one. In this method, an empty vector is created, and elements are added to it one by one using the vector::push_back() method. This method is mostly used to initialize vector after declaration.

v.push_back(val);

where, val is the value which we have to insert.

// C++ Program to initialize std::vector by
// pushing values one by one
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

int main() {
    vector<int> v;

    // Pushing Value one by one
    v.push_back(11);
    v.push_back(23);
    v.push_back(45);
    v.push_back(89);

    for (auto i : v)
        cout << i << " ";
    return 0;
}

We can initialize all the elements of the vector to a single value. We create a vector of a specified size and initialize all elements to the same value using vector constructor.

vector<type> v(n, val);

where, n is the size and val is the initial value.

// C++ Program to initializ the std::vector
// with specific value
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

int main() {

    // Initializing all the elements of a
  	// vector using a single value
    vector<int> v(5, 11);

    for (auto i : v)
        cout << i << " ";
    return 0;
}

We can also initialize a vector using plain old static arrays using vector constructor. This works by copying all the elements of the array to the newly created vector.

vector<type> v(arr, arr + n);

where arr is the array name and n is the size of the array.

// C++ Program to initializ the std::vector
// from another array
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

int main() {
    int arr[] = {11, 23, 45, 89};
    int n = sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]);

    // Initialize the std::vector v by arr
    vector<int> v = {arr, arr + n};

    for (auto i : v)
        cout << i << " ";
    return 0;
}

We can also initialize a newly created vector from an already created vector if they are of same type.

vector<type> v2(v1.begin(), v1.end());

where v1 is the already existing vector.

// C++ Program to initializ the std::vector
// from another vector
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

int main() {
    vector<int> v1 = {11, 23, 45, 89};

    // Initialize the vector v2 from vector v1
    vector<int> v2(v1.begin(), v1.end());

    for (auto i : v2)
        cout << i << " ";
    return 0;
}

Vectors are flexible containers that can be initialized by any other already existing containers such as set, multiset, map, etc. if they are of same type.

vector<type> v(first, last);

where first and last are the iterator to the first element and the element just after the last element in the range of STL container.

We can also use the std::fill function to initialize the whole or a part of a vector to the same value.

fill(first, last, val);

where first and last are the iterator to the first element and the element just after the last element in the range of STL container and val is the value to be initialized with.

// C++ Program to initialize the std::vector
// using std::fill() method
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

int main() {
    vector<int> v(5);

    // Initialize vector v with 11
    fill(v.begin(), v.end(), 11);

    for (auto i : v)
        cout << i << " ";
    return 0;
}

The std::iota() function from the <numeric> library allows us to initialize a vector with consecutive values starting from the given value.

std::iota(first, last, val);

where first and last are the iterator to the first element and the element just after the last element in the range of the vector and val refers to the starting value.

// C++ Program to initializ the std::vector
// using std::iota()
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

int main() {
    vector<int> v(5);

    // Using std::iota() to initialize vector v
  	// with 11
    iota(v.begin(), v.end(), 11);

    for (auto i : v)
        cout << i << " ";
    return 0;
}

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