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Introduction to C++ Programming Language

Last Updated : 14 Jul, 2025

C++ is a general-purpose programming language that was developed by Bjarne Stroustrup as an enhancement of the C language to add object-oriented paradigm.

It is considered as a middle-level language as it combines features of both high-level and low-level languages.
It has high level language features like object oriented programming, exception handling and templates along with low-level capabilities, such as direct memory manipulation and system-level programming.
It is used to build embedded systems, game engines, web browsers, compilers and operating systems.

Applications of C++

C++ is used in a wide range of applications from game engines and application software to operating systems and embedded systems.

Features of C++

The main features C++ programming language are as follows:

Simple: It is a simple language in the sense that programs can be broken down into logical units and parts, and has a rich library support and a variety of datatypes.
Machine Independent: C++ code can be run on any machine as long as a suitable compiler is provided.
Low-level Access: C++ provides low-level access to system resources, which makes it a suitable choice for system programming and writing efficient code.
Fast Execution Speed: C++ is one of the fastest high-level languages. There is no additional processing overhead in C++, it is blazing fast.
Object-Oriented: One of the strongest points of the language which sets it apart from C. Object-Oriented support helps C++ to make maintainable and extensible programs. i.e. large-scale applications can be built.

Why Learn C++?

C++ is often taught as a foundational language to aspiring programmers, but it is much more than that:

C++ remains one of the most used and popular programming languages used in making operating systems, embedded systems, graphical user interfaces and nowadays in high frequency trading (HFT) software.
It supports both low-level and high-level features such as manual memory management and OOPs programming respectively.
Syntax similarity with C, Java, and C# makes it easier to switch languages.
C++ provides one of the fastest execution speeds among high level languages, which can be a deciding factor in Competitive Programming or high-performance applications.

First C++ Program

The below C++ code shows the basic structure of a program. Learn more about how it works in this article.

C++


 #include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
    cout << "Hello, World!";
    return 0;
}

Explanation: In the above example, we simply print a statement, which is "Hello, World!" through C++ programming language.

History of C++

C++ is an object-oriented, middle-level programming language developed by Bjarne Stroustrup at Bell Labs in 1979, originally called “C with Classes” and renamed to C++ in 1983. It extended C by adding features like classes, inheritance, and type checking to support object-oriented programming. Over time, it evolved through standards like C++98, C++11, C++17, C++20, and the latest C++23, adding modern features for performance and safety. Today, C++ remains widely used in system software, game engines, competitive programming, and high-performance applications. Read more about history here.

C++ vs Other Programming Languages

Let's see where C++ stands as compared to other programming language:

Feature C++ C Java Python JavaScript Type Compiled Compiled Compiled and Interpreted Interpreted Interpreted Paradigm Multi-paradigm (procedural, object-oriented, generic) Procedural, structured Object-oriented, structured Multi-paradigm (object-oriented, procedural, functional) Multi-paradigm (event-driven, functional) Memory Management Manual Manual Automatic Automatic Automatic (with garbage collection) Syntax Complex Complex Complex Simple Simple (but can be more complex with frameworks) Use Cases System programming, game development, high-performance applications System programming, embedded systems, game development Large-scale applications, enterprise software Web development, data analysis, machine learning Web development, server-side scripting, mobile apps Notable Frameworks/Libraries Standard Library, Boost Standard Library Spring, Hibernate Django, Flask Node.js, React, Angular, Vue, Express Community Support Strong Strong Strong Strong Strong Job Market Abundant Abundant Abundant Abundant Abundant

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