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C++ Arithmetic Operators - GeeksforGeeks

Last Updated : 23 Jul, 2025

Arithmetic Operators in C++ are used to perform arithmetic or mathematical operations on the operands (generally numeric values). An operand can be a variable or a value. For example, ‘+’ is used for addition, '-' is used for subtraction, '*' is used for multiplication, etc. Let's take a look at an example:

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {

    // Adding two integers using operator '+'
    int sum = 10 + 20;
  	int diff = 20 - 10;

    cout << sum << endl;
  	cout << diff;
    return 0;
}

Explanation: In the above code, the + operator is used to calculate the sum of two values 10 and 20. It returned the sum which was then stored in the variable res and printed.

In C++, there are a total of 7 Arithmetic Operators as shown in the below table

Operator

Operation

+

Addition

x+y

-

Subtraction

x-y

*

Multiplication

x*y

/

Division

x/y

%

Modulus

x%y

++

Increment

Increases the integer value of the variable by one

++x or x++

The addition operator (+) is used to add two operands means it is a binary operator. This operator works on both integers and floating-point numbers. Let's take a look at an example:

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
    int a = 5, b = 10;
  
  	// Adding two integers a nd b
    int res = a + b;  
    cout << res;
    return 0;
}

The subtraction operator (-) is used to subtract one operand from another. It is also a binary operator and works on both integers and floating-point numbers. Let's take a look at an example:

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
    int a = 15, b = 5;
  
  	// Subtracting two integers a and b
    int res = a - b;
    cout << res;
    return 0;
}

The multiplication operator (*) is used to multiply two operands. It is also a binary operator and works on both integers and floating-point numbers. Let's take a look at an example:

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
    int a = 4, b = 3;
  
  	// Multiplying two integers
    int res = a * b;
    cout << res ;
    return 0;
}

The division operator (/) is used to divide one operand by another. The result of integer division will be an integer, discarding the remainder. For floating-point division, the result is a floating-point value. Let's take a look at an example:

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
    int a = 10, b = 2;
  
  	// Dividing two integers
    int res1 = a / b;
    cout << res1 << endl;

    double x = 10.0, y = 3.0;
  
  	// Floating-point division
    double res2 = x / y;
    cout << res2;
    
    return 0;
}

The modulus operator (%) is used to find the remainder when one number is divided by another. This operator only works with integers. Let's take a look at an example:

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
    int a = 10, b = 3;
  
  	// Finding the remainder
    int res = a % b;
    cout << res ;
    return 0;
}

The increment operator (++) is used to add 1 to the given operand. It is a binary operator that works only on single operand. It works on both integers and floating-point numbers. Let's take a look at an example:

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
    int a = 10;
  
  	// Add 1 to a
    a++;  // It can also be written as ++a
    cout << a ;
    return 0;
}

The increment operator can also be written before the operand. e.g. ++a. It is called preincrement.

The decrement operator (--) is used to subtract 1 from the given operand. It is a binary operator that works only on single operand. It works on both integers and floating-point numbers. Let's take a look at an example:

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
    int a = 10;
  
  	// Subtract 1 from a
    a--;   // it can also be --a;
    cout << a ;
    return 0;
}

The decrement operator can also be written before the operand. e.g. --a. It is called predecrement.

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