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This tutorial shows you how build a simple Node.js application with CockroachDB and the Sequelize ORM.
Step 1. Start CockroachDB Choose your installation methodYou can install a CockroachDB Serverless cluster using either the CockroachDB Cloud Console, a web-based graphical user interface (GUI) tool, or ccloud
, a command-line interface (CLI) tool.
Note:
Organizations without billing information on file can only create one CockroachDB Basic cluster.
On the Finalize page, click Create cluster.
Your cluster will be created in a few seconds and the Create SQL user dialog will display.
The Create SQL user dialog allows you to create a new SQL user and password.
Click Next.
Currently, all new SQL users are created with admin privileges. For more information and to change the default settings, see Manage SQL users on a cluster.
The Connect to cluster dialog shows information about how to connect to your cluster.
Open the General connection string section, then copy the connection string provided and save it in a secure location.
The sample application used in this tutorial uses system CA certificates for server certificate verification, so you can skip the Download CA Cert instructions.
Note:
The connection string is pre-populated with your username, password, cluster name, and other details. Your password, in particular, will be provided only once. Save it in a secure place (Cockroach Labs recommends a password manager) to connect to your cluster in the future. If you forget your password, you can reset it by going to the SQL Users page for the cluster, found at https://cockroachlabs.cloud/cluster/<CLUSTER ID>/users
.
Follow these steps to create a CockroachDB Serverless cluster using the ccloud
CLI tool.
Note:
The ccloud
CLI tool is in Preview.
ccloud
Choose your OS:
You can install ccloud
using either Homebrew or by downloading the binary.
Install using the ccloud
tap:
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brew install cockroachdb/tap/ccloud
In a terminal, enter the following command to download and extract the ccloud
binary and add it to your PATH
:
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curl https://binaries.cockroachdb.com/ccloud/ccloud_darwin-amd64_0.6.12.tar.gz | tar -xJ && cp -i ccloud /usr/local/bin/
Use the ARM 64 binary if you have an M-series Mac:
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curl https://binaries.cockroachdb.com/ccloud/ccloud_darwin-arm64_0.6.12.tar.gz | tar -xJ && cp -i ccloud /usr/local/bin/
In a terminal, enter the following command to download and extract the ccloud
binary and add it to your PATH
:
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curl https://binaries.cockroachdb.com/ccloud/ccloud_linux-amd64_0.6.12.tar.gz | tar -xz && cp -i ccloud /usr/local/bin/
In a PowerShell window, enter the following command to download and extract the ccloud
binary and add it to your PATH
:
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$ErrorActionPreference = "Stop"; [Net.ServicePointManager]::SecurityProtocol = [Net.SecurityProtocolType]::Tls12; $ProgressPreference = 'SilentlyContinue'; $null = New-Item -Type Directory -Force $env:appdata/ccloud; Invoke-WebRequest -Uri https://binaries.cockroachdb.com/ccloud/ccloud_windows-amd64_0.6.12.zip -OutFile ccloud.zip; Expand-Archive -Force -Path ccloud.zip; Copy-Item -Force ccloud/ccloud.exe -Destination $env:appdata/ccloud; $Env:PATH += ";$env:appdata/ccloud"; # We recommend adding ";$env:appdata/ccloud" to the Path variable for your system environment. See https://docs.microsoft.com/powershell/module/microsoft.powershell.core/about/about_environment_variables#saving-changes-to-environment-variables for more information.
Run ccloud quickstart
to create a new cluster, create a SQL user, and retrieve the connection string.
The easiest way of getting started with CockroachDB Cloud is to use ccloud quickstart
. The ccloud quickstart
command guides you through logging in to CockroachDB Cloud, creating a new CockroachDB Serverless cluster, and connecting to the new cluster. Run ccloud quickstart
and follow the instructions:
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The ccloud quickstart
command will open a browser window to log you in to CockroachDB Cloud. If you are new to CockroachDB Cloud, you can register using one of the single sign-on (SSO) options, or create a new account using an email address.
The ccloud quickstart
command will prompt you for the cluster name, cloud provider, and cloud provider region, then ask if you want to connect to the cluster. Each prompt has default values that you can select, or change if you want a different option.
Select General connection string, then copy the connection string displayed and save it in a secure location. The connection string is the line starting postgresql://
.
? How would you like to connect? General connection string
Retrieving cluster info: succeeded
Downloading cluster cert to /Users/maxroach/.postgresql/root.crt: succeeded
postgresql://maxroach:ThisIsNotAGoodPassword@blue-dog-147.6wr.cockroachlabs.cloud:26257/defaultdb?sslmode=verify-full&sslrootcert=%2FUsers%2Fmaxroach%2F.postgresql%2Froot.crt
Run the cockroach start-single-node
command:
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$ cockroach start-single-node --advertise-addr 'localhost' --insecure
This starts an insecure, single-node cluster.
Take note of the following connection information in the SQL shell welcome text:
CockroachDB node starting at 2021-08-30 17:25:30.06524 +0000 UTC (took 4.3s)
build: CCL v21.1.6 @ 2021/07/20 15:33:43 (go1.15.11)
webui: http://localhost:8080
sql: postgresql://root@localhost:26257?sslmode=disable
You'll use the sql
connection string to connect to the cluster later in this tutorial.
Warning:
The --insecure
flag used in this tutorial is intended for non-production testing only. To run CockroachDB in production, use a secure cluster instead.
Clone the sample code's GitHub repo:
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$ git clone https://github.com/cockroachlabs/example-app-node-sequelize
The sample code uses Sequelize to map Node.js-specific objects to some read and write SQL operations.
Step 3. Run the codeTo start the app:
Set the DATABASE_URL
environment variable to the connection string:
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$ export DATABASE_URL="postgresql://root@localhost:26257/defaultdb?sslmode=disable"
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$ export DATABASE_URL="<connection-string>"
Where <connection-string>
is the connection string you copied earlier.
The app uses the connection string saved to the DATABASE_URL
environment variable to connect to your cluster and execute the code.
Install the app dependencies:
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$ cd example-app-node-sequelize
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Run the code:
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The output should look similar to the following:
Executing (default): SELECT version() AS version
Executing (default): DROP TABLE IF EXISTS "accounts" CASCADE;
Executing (default): SELECT crdb_internal.increment_feature_counter(concat('Sequelize ', '6.17'))
Executing (default): SELECT crdb_internal.increment_feature_counter(concat('sequelize-cockroachdb ', '6.0.5'))
Executing (default): CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "accounts" ("id" INTEGER , "balance" INTEGER, "createdAt" TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE NOT NULL, "updatedAt" TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY ("id"));
Executing (default): SELECT i.relname AS name, ix.indisprimary AS primary, ix.indisunique AS unique, ix.indkey AS indkey, array_agg(a.attnum) as column_indexes, array_agg(a.attname) AS column_names, pg_get_indexdef(ix.indexrelid) AS definition FROM pg_class t, pg_class i, pg_index ix, pg_attribute a WHERE t.oid = ix.indrelid AND i.oid = ix.indexrelid AND a.attrelid = t.oid AND t.relkind = 'r' and t.relname = 'accounts' GROUP BY i.relname, ix.indexrelid, ix.indisprimary, ix.indisunique, ix.indkey ORDER BY i.relname;
Executing (default): INSERT INTO "accounts" ("id","balance","createdAt","updatedAt") VALUES (1,1000,'2022-03-30 19:56:34.483 +00:00','2022-03-30 19:56:34.483 +00:00'),(2,250,'2022-03-30 19:56:34.483 +00:00','2022-03-30 19:56:34.483 +00:00') RETURNING "id","balance","createdAt","updatedAt";
Executing (default): SELECT "id", "balance", "createdAt", "updatedAt" FROM "accounts" AS "accounts";
1 1000
2 250
Read more about using the Sequelize ORM, or check out a more realistic implementation of Sequelize with CockroachDB in our examples-orms
repository.
You might also be interested in the following pages:
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