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Showing content from https://www.cdc.gov/shigella/about/index.html below:

About Shigella Infection

Shigella bacteria cause an infection called shigellosis. Shigella cause an estimated 450,000 infections in the United States each year, and antimicrobial resistant infections result in an estimated $93 million in direct medical costs.

The four species of Shigella are:

• Shigella sonnei (the most common species in the United States)
• Shigella flexneri
• Shigella boydii
• Shigella dysenteriae

S. dysenteriae and S. boydii are rare in the United States, though they continue to be important causes of disease in areas with less access to resources. Shigella dysenteriae type 1 can be deadly.

Symptoms usually start 1–2 days after infection and last 7 days. Most people with shigellosis experience:

• Diarrhea that can be bloody or prolonged (lasting more than 3 days)
• Fever
• Stomach pain
• Feeling the need to pass stool (poop) even when the bowels are empty

Some groups of people are more likely to get sick with shigellosis than others.

• Children younger than 5 years old are the most likely to get shigellosis, but people of all ages can get the disease. Many outbreaks occur in early care and education settings and schools.

• Travelers to places where water and food may be unsafe and sanitation is poor are more likely to get a Shigella infection. They are also more likely to become sick with types of Shigella that are more difficult to treat.

• Gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men* (GBMSM) have factors that put them at increased risk for Shigella infection. Although rates are higher among GBMSM, the risk is present for any sexual activity involving stool exposure.

• People who are experiencing homelessness are at high risk for Shigella infection when there is shigellosis spread in the community. They may face challenges in their living situations that increase the risk for disease transmission, which can result in outbreaks.

Shigella spreads easily; swallowing just a small amount of Shigella germs can make you sick.

Shigella germs are in poop, so anything that gets contaminated by poop can potentially spread the germs. Shigella can spread from one person to another or through contaminated water, food, surfaces, or objects.

People who have shigellosis usually get better without antibiotic treatment in 5 to 7 days. People with mild shigellosis may need only fluids and rest.

Your healthcare provider may prescribe medicine to treat illness caused by Shigella.

If you have diarrhea, drink a lot of water or other fluids to avoid dehydration (loss of fluids).

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