3GPP 5G New Radio (NR) is designed to work across a wide range of use cases delivering unprecedented performance and flexibility from 20Gbps broadband to sub millisecond ultra low latency applications. These requirements present a unique set of challenges for channel coding.
Channel coding or Forward Error Correction (FEC) refers to the process where extra protection bits are added to information bits before transmission. At the receiver, a decoder uses complex algorithms to extract the original information bits from the received data, correcting for errors introduced by interference and fading.
5G NR uses a Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) channel coder for the Physical Uplink and Downlink Shared Channels (PUSCH and PDSCH) over which user data is passed. LDPC is also used in WiFi and satellite broadcast applications, but the variant used in 5G NR is significantly more flexible to support the full range of performance required. It has thousands of possible configurations, as opposed to the handful used in other standards. With the LDPC decoder consuming up to 40% of the resources needed to realise the 5G NR Physical Layer (PHY), decoder performance and efficiency are fundamental to the performance of the overall receiver.
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