Japan-ASEAN Transdisciplinary Studies Series, 2021
In this paper we explore the intersections between oral and colonial history to reexamine the formation and interethnic relations in the uplands of Northern Laos. We unpack the historical and contemporary dynamics between "majority" Tai, "minority" Kha groups and the imagined cultural influence of "Lao" to draw out a more nuanced set of narratives about ethnicity, linguistic diversity, cultural contact, historical intimacy, and regional imaginings to inform our understanding of upland society. The paper brings together fieldwork and archival research, drawing on previous theoretical and areal analysis of both authors.
Sons of Khun Bulom: The discovery by modern Lao historians of the 'birth of the Lao race'Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, 2016
The opening of the nithan khun bulom genre of texts is usually regarded as a mythic account of Lao history. But the process by which Lao historians themselves began to perceive this was an important nationalist project of the elite during the Royal Lao Government (RLG) period. As early as the 1920s, Lao authors began rewriting the old folktales into a new, modern, scientific account of the past, the ‘birth of the Lao race’. By studying elite writings in the RLG period I show that Lao nationalism was more modernist and autonomous than previously recognised.
The Cham Muslims in Ninh Thuan Province, Vietnam2008
This paper discusses the Cham communities in Ninh Thuan Province, Vietnam. The Cham people are one of 54 state recognized ethnic groups living in Vietnam. Their current population is approximately 130,000. They speak a language which belongs to the Malayo-Polynesian language family. In the past, they had a country called, Champa, along the central coast of Vietnam, which was once prosperous through its involvement in maritime trade. While the largest concentration of the Cham people in Vietnam is found in a part of the former territory of Champa, particularly Ninh Thuan and Binh Thuan provinces, there is another group of Cham people living in the Mekong Delta, mostly in An Giang province near the border with Cambodia. There are differences in ethnic self-identification between these two groups of Chams living in the different localities. In general, the Chams living in the former territory of Champa equate being Cham as being descendants of Champa while the Chams of the Mekong Delta view being Cham as being Muslim. This paper is an attempt to understand the ethnicity of the Cham communities in Ninh Thuan Province through their religious system, particularly a dual structural principle in Cham cosmology called Awar and Ahier. In this paper, I argue that the concepts of Ahier and Awar, hold the key to understanding the way their ethnicity has been constructed and reveals an interesting aspect of their world view. In the course of the discussion, their indigenized form of Islam called Bani religion, which is peculiar to the Cham community will be introduced. 1 This paper is a revised version of my contribution to the book on My Son which is soon to be published in early 2008.
The Ethnonym "Lao" and its Origins: Linguistic and Historical ImplicationsJournal of Lao Language, Vol 1, 2019
The ethnonym "Lao" is ancient and geographically widespread. Often scholars have assumed that the differing locations and ethnic referents of the term are random and not traceable to any specific group or ethnicity. In this paper, the various forms of the ethnonym are examined in a comparative and historical linguistic frame in order to show that the origins of the term derive from a common ancestor.
(2022) Kling Muslims in Sixteenth-Century Ayutthaya: Towards Aggregating the Fragments. TRaNS: Trans -Regional and -National Studies of Southeast Asia. 10(1) 1–15TRaNS: Trans -Regional and -National Studies of Southeast Asia, 2022
This article reconstructs the history of Kling Muslims' contribution to the religious and ethnic cosmopolitanism of sixteenth-century Ayutthaya. This study's argument is constructed based on an aggregate of written fragments about the Kling in both Portuguese primary sources and the wider academic literature. We reveal that, amongst the many ways in which Siam benefited from the Iberian invasion of Melaka in 1511, the dramatic geopolitical rupture of the invasion rerouted trade across the Bay of Bengal. As a result, Kling merchants began arriving in Ayutthaya in greater numbers via the new network of Siamese-controlled ports and portages. Moreover, this study demonstrates the utility of greater synergy among South Asian, Southeast Asian, Thai, and Malay Studies through focusing on the exonyms employed in primary and secondary sources. Finally, this article contends that Ayutthaya's ethnic and religious cosmopolitanism was impacted by the arrival of South Asian Muslims, referred to as Kling in the Malay World and Khaek in Siam, approximately one century before Persians arrived in greater numbers. This, among others, was an unintended result of Portugal's sixteenth-century interventions into, and alliances with, the Siamese.
KlingMuslims in Sixteenth-Century Ayutthaya: Towards Aggregating the FragmentsTRaNS: Trans -Regional and -National Studies of Southeast Asia, 2022
This article reconstructs the history ofKlingMuslims’ contribution to the religious and ethnic cosmopolitanism of sixteenth-century Ayutthaya. This study's argument is constructed based on an aggregate of written fragments about theKlingin both Portuguese primary sources and the wider academic literature. We reveal that, amongst the many ways in which Siam benefited from the Iberian invasion of Melaka in 1511, the dramatic geopolitical rupture of the invasion re-routed trade across the Bay of Bengal. As a result,Klingmerchants began arriving in Ayutthaya in greater numbers via the new network of Siamese-controlled ports and portages. Moreover, this study demonstrates the utility of greater synergy among South Asian, Southeast Asian, Thai, and Malay Studies through focusing on the exonyms employed in primary and secondary sources. Finally, this article contends that Ayutthaya's ethnic and religious cosmopolitanism was impacted by the arrival of South Asian Muslims, referred t...
(Book) Jewish Communities in Modern Asia: Their Rise, Demise and ResurgenceCambridge University Press, 2023
Jewish settlement in Asia, beyond the Middle East, is largely a modern phenomenon. Imperial expansion and adventurism by Great Britain and Russia were the chief motors that initially drove Jewish settlers to move eastwards, in the nineteenth century, combined as this was with the rise of port cities and general development of the global economy. The new immigrants soon become centrally involved, in ways quite disproportionate to their numbers, in Asian commerce. Their role and centrality finished with the outbreak of World War II, the chaos that resulted from the fighting, and the consequent collapse of Western imperialism. This unique, groundbreaking book charts their rise and fall while pointing to signs of these communities' postwar resurgence and revival. Fourteen chapters by many of the most prominent authorities in the field, from a range of perspectives, explore questions of identity, society, and culture across several Asian locales. It is essential reading for scholars of Asian Studies and Jewish Studies. REVIEWS "This is an exceptionally important volume not just for Jewish Studies, but in the exploration of modernity in diverse Asian societies, as well as scholarship on migration history, colonialism, and decolonization in the world's largest and most populated continent. ... Jewish Communities in Modern Asia is a remarkable volume that will serve as the benchmark and point of reference for scholarship and general interest about Jewish life in Asia. While breaking new ground in both Jewish and Asian Studies, as well as advancing scholarship on a constellation of different cultures and nations, the volume is markedly readable. Many chapters of this text would be great additions to syllabi examining diverse Asian modernities, from China to Indonesia to Japan. For Jewish Studies courses and scholars, this volume offers much to consider about how intra-Jewish difference has shaped communal life and cross-cultural encounters." — Dylan H. O'Brien, Journal of Religious History 48, no. 3 (2024): 1-3. ENDORSEMENTS “A formidable feat of transnational scholarship, this volume offers a both sweeping and richly detailed historical overview of Jewish Communities in Modern Asia, reconstructing a mostly lost and still too little known world of Jewish life stretching from Central Asia and Siberia to India, China, Southeast Asia, and Japan, from Bukhara to Yemen and Singapore, and even into the myths of “ten lost tribes” from the 18th into the 21rst century. This study is a major contribution to current debates about multiple and hybrid Jewish identities in relation to histories of colonialism and post-colonialism.” — Atina Grossmann, Professor of History, Cooper Union, New York, author of Jews, Germans, and Allies (2009) and coeditor of Shelter from the Holocaust (2017) “This highly engaging and richly varied volume will be important reading for a wide range of audiences and disciplines, including global history, anthropology and religious studies. As a whole it resonates with work on all of the covered Asian regions and contributes fresh ways of thinking through the themes of ethnicity and race, histories of minorities and economics.” — William Gould, Professor of Indian History, University of Leeds, author of Boundaries of Belonging Localities, Citizenship and Rights in India and Pakistan (2019) “Jewish Communities in Modern Asia not only surveys vividly Jewish hubs in various parts of Asia but also provides the most comprehensive and up-to-date meta-narrative of the Jewish presence eastward of the much researched Middle East. At present, this is the most significant contribution to the emerging field of Jewish Asian studies.” — Ber Kotlerman, Professor of Jewish Studies, Bar Ilan University, editor of Mizrekh: Jewish Studies in the Far East (2009–11) “This is an excellent collection of original, engaging, and carefully researched chapters which shed light on the multiple ways in which the history of Jewish communities intersects with the histories of colonialism and global economy. A must read for anyone interested in modern Jewish Studies and the history of modern Asia.” — Yulia Egorova, Professor of Anthropology, Durham University, author of Jews and Muslims in South Asia (2018) “With the growth of scholarly interest in the subject of historical and emerging Jewish communities in Asia and the Pacific region, this excellent volume will be more than welcome.” — Tudor Parfitt, Distinguished University Professor, Florida International University, author of Judaising Movements: Studies in the Margins of Judaism (2013) and The Lost Tribes of Israel (2002)
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