CSS properties are the key to altering the styling of HTML elements in your web documents.
Specifies the number of columns an element should be divided into.
Specifies how to fill columns (balanced or sequential).
The column-gap
property controls the width of the gap between columns in multi-column elements.
Sets the width, style, and color of the rule between columns.
Specifies the color of the rule between columns.
Specifies the style of the rule between columns. The column-rule-style values are the same as for border-style.
The column-span
CSS property makes it possible for an element to span across all columns when its value is set to all. An element that spans more than one column is called a spanning element.
Specifies the width of columns in multi-column elements.
This property is a shorthand property for setting column-width and/or column-count.
The content property is used to display content in the pseudo-elements ::before and ::after.
The counter-increment property accepts one or more names of counters (identifiers), each one optionally followed by an integer which specifies the value by which the counter should be incremented (e.g. if the value is 2, the counter increases by 2 each time it is invoked).
The counter-reset property contains a list of one or more names of counters, each one optionally followed by an integer (otherwise, the integer defaults to 0.) Each time the given element is invoked, the counters specified by the property are set to the given integer.
The cue
property specifies sound files (known as an “auditory icon”) to be played by speech media agents before and after presenting an element’s content; if only one file is specified, it is played both before and after. The volume at which the file(s) should be played, relative to the volume of the main element, may also be specified. The icon files may also be set separately with the cue-before
and cue-after
properties.
The cue-before
property specifies a sound file (known as an “auditory icon”) to be played by speech media agents before presenting an element’s content; the volume at which the file should be played may also be specified. The shorthand property cue
sets cue sounds for both before and after the element is presented.
The cursor CSS property specifies the mouse cursor displayed when the mouse pointer is over an element.
The direction
CSS property specifies the text direction/writing direction. The rtl
is used for Hebrew or Arabic text, the ltr
is for other languages.
This property specifies the type of rendering box used for an element. It is a shorthand property for many other display properties.
Sets whether or not to display borders and background on empty cells in a table.
The ‘fill’ property paints the interior of the given graphical element. The area to be painted consists of any areas inside the outline of the shape. To determine the inside of the shape, all subpaths are considered, and the interior is determined according to the rules associated with the current value of the ‘fill-rule’ property. The zero-width geometric outline of a shape is included in the area to be painted.
‘fill-opacity’ specifies the opacity of the painting operation used to paint the interior the current object. (See Painting shapes and text.)
The ‘fill-rule’ property indicates the algorithm which is to be used to determine what parts of the canvas are included inside the shape. For a simple, non-intersecting path, it is intuitively clear what region lies "inside"; however, for a more complex path, such as a path that intersects itself or where one subpath encloses another, the interpretation of “inside” is not so obvious.
The ‘fill-rule’ property provides two options for how the inside of a shape is determined:
Applies various image processing effects. This property is largely unsupported. See Compatibility section for more information.
The flex CSS property specifies the ability of a flex item to alter its dimensions to fill the available space. flex is a shorthand property comprised of the flex-grow, flex-shrink, and flex-basis properties. A flex item can be stretched to use available space proportional to its flex grow factor, or reduced proportional to its flex shrink factor to prevent overflow.
Obsolete, do not use. This property has been renamed to align-items.
Specifies the alignment (perpendicular to the layout axis defined by the flex-direction property) of child elements of the object.
The flex-basis CSS property describes the initial main size of the flex item before any free space is distributed according to the flex factors described in the flex property (flex-grow and flex-shrink).
The flex-direction CSS property describes how flex items are placed in the flex container, by setting the direction of the flex container’s main axis.
The flex-flow CSS property defines the flex container’s main and cross axis. It is a shorthand property for the flex-direction and flex-wrap properties.
The flex-grow CSS property specifies how much a flex item will enlarge with respect to the other items in the flex container to fill an expanded container.
Do not use. This property has been renamed to align-self
Specifies the alignment (perpendicular to the layout axis defined by flex-direction) of child elements of the object.
Do not use. This property has been renamed to align-content.
Specifies how a flexbox’s lines align within the flexbox when there is extra space along the axis that is perpendicular to the axis defined by the flex-direction property.
Gets or sets a value that specifies the ordinal group that a flexbox element belongs to. This ordinal value identifies the display order for the group.
The flex-shrink CSS property specifies how much a flex item will be reduced with respect to the other items in the flex container to fit within a reduced container.
The flex-wrap property controls whether the flex container is single-line or multi-line, and the direction of the cross-axis, which determines the direction in which new lines are stacked.
Elements which have the style float
are floated horizontally. These elements can move as far to the left
or right
of the containing element. All elements after the floating element will flow around it, but elements before the floating element are not impacted. If several floating elements are placed after each other, they will float next to each other as long as there is room.
Flows content from a named flow (specified by a corresponding flow-into) through selected elements to form a dynamic chain of layout regions.
Diverts the selected element’s content into a named flow, used to thread content through different layout regions specified by flow-from.
The font
property is shorthand that allows you to do one of two things: you can either set up six of the most mature font properties in one line, or you can set one of a choice of keywords to adopt a system font setting.
The font-family
property allows one or more font family names and/or generic family names to be specified for usage on the selected element(s)' text. The browser then goes through the list; for each character in the selection it applies the first font family that has an available glyph for that character.
The font-feature-settings
property gets or sets one or more values that specify glyph substitution (special font characters such as ligatures and figures) and positioning in fonts that include OpenType layout features.
The font-kerning
property allows contextual adjustment of inter-glyph spacing, i.e. the spaces between the characters in text. This property controls <bold>metric kerning</bold> - that utilizes adjustment data contained in the font. Optical Kerning is not supported as yet.
The ‘font-language-override’
property allows authors to explicitly specify the language system of the font, overriding the language system implied by the content language.
font-size
sets the font size of the text inside the element to which it is applied, and that of its descendants. You can size text using absolute measurements, or measurements relative to the affected element’s parent or root elements. CSS Text Styling Fundamentals provides an overview.
The font-size-adjust
property adjusts the font-size of the fallback fonts defined with font-family, so that the x-height is the same no matter what font is used. This preserves the readability of the text when fallback happens.
Allows you to expand or condense the widths for a normal, condensed, or expanded font face.
Fonts can provide alternate glyphs in addition to default glyph for a character. This property provides control over the selection of these alternate glyphs.
The font-weight
property specifies the weight or boldness of the font (their degree of blackness or stroke thickness). Note that some fonts are not available in all weights; some are available only on normal and bold.
Foundation of a two-dimensional grid-based layout system. Defines an element as part of a grid and permits those elements to be displayed differently than the flow order. Also used as a shorthand for setting all the explicit grid properties (grid-template-rows, grid-template-columns, and grid-template-areas), as well as all the implicit grid properties (grid-auto-rows, grid-auto-columns, and grid-auto-flow), in a single declaration. If the <grid-auto-rows> value is omitted, it is set to the value specified for grid-auto-columns. Other omitted values are set to their initial values.
Lays out one or more grid items bound by 4 grid lines. Shorthand for setting grid-column-start, grid-column-end, grid-row-start, and grid-row-end in a single declaration.
Changes default size of columns. Creates implicit grid tracks when a grid item is placed into a row or column that is not explicitly sized (by grid-template-rows or grid-template-columns). This property (with grid-auto-rows) specifies the default size of such implicitly-created tracks.
Automatically places grid elements into the grid layout if an explicit location is not designated. Designates the direction of the the flow and whether rows or columns must be added to accommodate the element.
Specifies the automatic default location if a grid container does not specify automatic-placement strategy via grid-auto-flow.
Changes default size of grid rows. Creates implicit grid tracks when a grid item is placed into a row that is not explicitly sized (by grid-template-rows ) or when the auto-placement algorithm has generated additional rows. This property (with grid-auto-columns) specifies the size of such implicitly-created tracks.
Controls a grid item’s placement in a grid area, particularly grid position and a grid span. Shorthand for setting grid-column-start and grid-column-end in a single declaration.
Controls a grid item’s placement in a grid area as well as grid position and a grid span. The grid-column-end property (with grid-row-start, grid-row-end, and grid-column-start) determines a grid item’s placement by specifying the grid lines of a grid item’s grid area.
Specifies the column position to place a grid item based upon integer location, string value, or column size.
See css/properties/grid-column. This property has been removed from the specification.
Determines a grid item’s placement by specifying the starting grid lines of a grid item’s grid area . A grid item’s placement in a grid area consists of a grid position and a grid span. See also ( grid-row-start, grid-row-end, and grid-column-end)
This property can specify the length, a percentage of the grid container’s size, a measurement of the contents occupying the column, or a fraction of the free space in the grid. You can also specify a range using minmax(), which combines any of these measurements to define a min and max size for the column.
As well as referring to grid lines by their numerical index, you can also name lines. Names can make the grid-placement properties easier to understand and maintain. Lines can have multiple names, such as ‘first’ and 'header’.
This property can specify the length, a percentage of the grid container’s size, a measurement of the contents occupying the row, or a fraction of the free space in the grid. You can also specify a range using minmax(), which combines any of these measurements to define a min and max size for the row.
As well as referring to grid lines by their numerical index, you can also name lines. Names can make the grid-placement properties easier to understand and maintain. Lines can have multiple names, such as ‘first’ and 'header’.
Gets or sets a value that indicates which row an element within a Grid should appear in. Shorthand for setting grid-row-start and grid-row-end in a single declaration.
Determines a grid item’s placement by specifying the block-end. A grid item’s placement in a grid area consists of a grid position and a grid span. The grid-row-end property (with grid-row-start, grid-column-start, and grid-column-end) determines a grid item’s placement by specifying the grid lines of a grid item’s grid area.
Specifies a row position based upon an integer location, string value, or desired row size.
css/properties/grid-row is used as short-hand for grid-row-position and grid-row-position
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