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Showing content from https://webplatform.github.io/docs/apis/canvas/CanvasRenderingContext2D/getImageData below:

getImageData ยท WebPlatform Docs

getImageData Summary

Returns an ImageData object representing the underlying pixel data for the area of the canvas denoted by the rectangle whose corners are the four points (sx, sy), (sx+sw, sy), (sx+sw, sy+sh), (sx, sy+sh), in canvas coordinate space units.

Method of apis/canvas/CanvasRenderingContext2Dapis/canvas/CanvasRenderingContext2D

Syntax
var object = object.getImageData(sx, sy, sw, sh);
Parameters sx
Data-type
Number

The x-coordinate, in pixels, of the upper-left corner of the rectangle in relation to the coordinates of the canvas.

sy
Data-type
Number

The y-coordinate, in pixels, of the upper-left corner of the rectangle in relation to the coordinates of the canvas.

sw
Data-type
Number

The width, in pixels, of the rectangle in relation to the coordinates of the canvas.

sh
Data-type
Number

The height, in pixels, of the rectangle in relation to the coordinates of the canvas.

Return Value

Returns an object of type DOM NodeDOM Node

ICanvasImageData

A CanvasImageData object with pixel information from the canvas within the specified coordinates.

Examples

This example draws a solid color filled rectangle, then uses getImageData to retrieve part of the rectangle, and then uses putImageData to place that retrieved data elsewhere on the canvas.

<canvas id="myCanvas" width="300" height="150" style="border:1px solid blue;"></canvas>
<p>. . .</p>
<script>
var can = document.getElementById("myCanvas");
var ctxt = can.getContext("2d");
ctxt.fillStyle = "magenta";
ctxt.fillRect(10, 10, 75, 75);
var imgdata = ctxt.getImageData(10, 10, 30, 30);
ctxt.putImageData(imgdata, 100, 55);
</script>
Notes

If the rectangle contains pixels outside the canvas, they are returned as transparent black. Pixels are returned as non-premultiplied alpha values.

Related specifications
W3C HTML Canvas 2D Context
W3C Candidate Recommendation
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