Overview of web technologies used by Kernel.org.
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MediaWiki is an open source wiki-style content management system written in PHP, originally developed for Wikipedia by Lee Daniel Crocker.
MediaWiki
used on a subdomain
Docutils is a Python-based open-source text processing system for generating documentation in HTML and other formats.
Docutils 0.19
3% of sites use a newer version
used on a subdomain
Sphinx is a Python-based tool for creating project documentation, based on Docutils.
Sphinx
used on a subdomain
Server-side Programming Languages
PHP is a scripting language for creating websites.
PHP
used on a subdomain
Static websites don't use any server-side programming language for generating web pages, but deliver fixed content which is created manually or with an offline tool.
static files
used on a subdomain
Client-side Programming Language
JavaScript is a lightweight, object-oriented, cross-platform scripting language, often used within web pages.
JavaScript
used on inner pages
jQuery is a JavaScript library that simplifies HTML document traversing, event handling, animating and Ajax interaction. Originally developed by John Resig.
jQuery
used on a subdomain
Bootstrap is an open source HTML, CSS, and JavaScript framework.
Bootstrap
used on a subdomain
Underscore is a JavaScript library that provides functional programming support.
Underscore
used on a subdomain
Bootstrap is an open source HTML, CSS, and JavaScript framework.
Bootstrap
used on a subdomain
Nginx (pronounced as "engine X") is a lightweight open source web server developed by Igor Sysoev.
Nginx 1.20.1
66% of sites use a newer version
The Apache HTTP Server is an open source web server by the Apache Software Foundation.
Apache
used on a subdomain
Cloudflare Server is a web server developed by Cloudflare.
Cloudflare Server
used on a subdomain
Unix is a range of operating systems originally developed at Bell Labs. This includes Unix and Unix-like systems, such as Linux.
Unix
used until recently
CentOS is a Linux distribution based on Red Hat Enterprise Linux.
CentOS
used until recently
Equinix is an American multinational company providing internet connection and data centers. This includes the former Telecity Group and Packet Host brands.
Amazon is a US-based e-commerce and cloud computing provider.
Amazon
used on inner pages
Read the Docs provides a platform for creating and hosting technical documentation.
Read the Docs
used on a subdomain
hosting info partly based on data from ipinfo.io
Equinix is an American multinational company providing internet connection and data centers. This includes the former Telecity Group and Packet Host brands.
Amazon is a US-based e-commerce and cloud computing provider.
Amazon
used on inner pages
Cloudflare provides a content delivery network.
Cloudflare
used on inner pages
Fastly is a content delivery network.
Fastly
used on inner pages
Akamai is a content delivery network. This includes the former brands Instart Logic and StackPath.
Akamai
used on a subdomain
Constellix provides DNS management services owned by DigiCert.
Cloudflare provides DNS servers and other web services.
Cloudflare
used on a subdomain
Amazon is a US-based e-commerce and cloud computing provider.
Gmail is the email service provided by Google.
Gmail
used on a subdomain
Let’s Encrypt is a free, automated, and open certificate authority provided by the Internet Security Research Group.
GlobalSign is an IT security service provider, also operating as SSL certificate authority.
GlobalSign
used on inner pages
Starfield Technologies is an SSL certificate authority owned by Go Daddy.
Starfield
used on a subdomain
StatCounter is a free hit counter and real-time web tracker.
StatCounter
used on inner pages
External Cascading Style Sheets define style rules in a separate CSS file.
Embedded Cascading Style Sheets define a set of style rules in a <style> element within a web page.
Embedded CSS
used on a subdomain
Inline Cascading Style Sheets define style rules directly within an (X)HTML element using the style attribute.
Inline CSS
used on a subdomain
Session cookies are temporary cookies, which are deleted when the user closes the browser.
Session Cookies
used on a subdomain
Persistent cookies with an expiration time of up to 1 day.
Cookies expiring in hours
used on a subdomain
HttpOnly cookies are used only in the HTTP protocol and not in client side scripts, which may increase security.
HttpOnly Cookies
used on a subdomain
Non-HttpOnly cookies are used in the HTTP protocol and also in client side scripts, which may be a security threat.
Non-HttpOnly Cookies
used on a subdomain
Secure cookies are used only via an encrypted connections, which may increase security.
Secure Cookies
used on a subdomain
Non-secure cookies may be used via an unencrypted connections, which may be a security threat.
Non-Secure Cookies
used on a subdomain
Gzip (GNU zip) is a file compression algorithm.
A weak ETag is an HTTP header field for validation of cached web pages, that indicates a semantically equivalent page in the cache.
Weak ETag
used on a subdomain
The Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) provides amongst others a vastly larger address space than the preceding version 4. We consider a website to support IPv6 if a 128-bit address is assigned to it, regardless of the content delivered at that address.
HTTP/2 is the second major version of the HTTP network protocol.
HTTP/3 is the third major version of the HTTP network protocol, derived from the QUIC protocol.
HTTP/3
used on inner pages
HTTP Strict Transport Security (HSTS) defines a mechanism enabling web sites to declare themselves accessible only via secure connections.
HTTP Strict Transport Security
The websites redirects visitors to use SSL encryption, e.g. from http://example.com/ to https://example.com/.
Persistent cookies with an expiration time of more than 10 years.
Cookies expiring in decades
used until recently
Brotli is a lossless compression algorithm developed by Google.
Brotli Compression
used until recently
HTML5 is the fifth revision of the HTML standard.
Strict version of XHTML.
XHTML Strict 1.1
used on inner pages
Transitional version of XHTML.
XHTML Transitional 1.0
used on a subdomain
Transitional version of HTML.
HTML Transitional 4.0
used until recently
UTF-8 (8-bit Unicode Transformation Format) is a variable-length character encoding for Unicode, which is backwards compatible with ASCII.
PNG (Portable Network Graphics) is a lossless compression image format, suitable to store graphics with uniformly colored areas, and originally introduced as a free, open-source successor of GIF.
Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) is an XML-based vector image format.
SVG
used on a subdomain
WebP is an image format that provides lossless and lossy compression, developed by Google.
WebP
used on a subdomain
Organizations
United States
Canada
used on inner pages
Netherlands
used until recently
RetroSearch is an open source project built by @garambo | Open a GitHub Issue
Search and Browse the WWW like it's 1997 | Search results from DuckDuckGo
HTML:
3.2
| Encoding:
UTF-8
| Version:
0.7.4