In 2023, close to a fifth of the workforce was foreign-born: out of the 160.2 million people in the US workforce, about 29.7 million were immigrants. That’s an increase from 2010, when immigrants made up 15.6% of the workforce.
Immigrants are employed across industries, with concentrations in education, health, and professional services.
Which industries employ the most immigrants?Educational and health services employed the most immigrants— 5.5 million, or 18.4% of all foreign-born employees in 2023. This is followed by professional and business services with 4.7 million (15.8%) and construction with 3.3 million (11.1%).
Educational and health services employed the highest number of native-born workers, too – 31.4 million people, or almost 25% of all native Americans in the workforce.
Wholesale and retail trades employ another 12.6%, and professional and business services ranks third with 12.1%.
The mining industry had the lowest number of both foreign-born and native-born people: it employed around 74,000 foreign-born workers in 2023, about 0.2% of employed immigrants, and about 517,000 native Americans (0.4%).
Which industries have the highest percentage of immigrants in their workforces?The construction industry had the highest percentage of immigrant workers in 2023: an estimated 3.3 million, or 28.6% of all the people employed by that industry.
The second-largest percentage of immigrant workers was in professional and business services, at 22.9%. The third highest was “Other services” — a broad category that includes a range of services like auto repair, barber and beauty salons, and religious organizations — at 21.9%.
Where are the largest immigrant communities in the US?
California is home to the most immigrants, and Miami-Dade County, Florida, has the highest percentage of immigrants of any county nationwide.
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Are these industries where native-born employee numbers are declining?By 2023, every industry employed more foreign-born people than in 2010. Employment of native-born people also increased across most industries, except for three: mining (-15.0%), information (-7.2%), and wholesale and retail trade (-3.5%).
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