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ICU 77.1: icu::BreakIterator Class Reference

The BreakIterator class implements methods for finding the location of boundaries in text. More...

#include <brkiter.h>

The BreakIterator class implements methods for finding the location of boundaries in text.

BreakIterator is an abstract base class. Instances of BreakIterator maintain a current position and scan over text returning the index of characters where boundaries occur.

Line boundary analysis determines where a text string can be broken when line-wrapping. The mechanism correctly handles punctuation and hyphenated words.

Sentence boundary analysis allows selection with correct interpretation of periods within numbers and abbreviations, and trailing punctuation marks such as quotation marks and parentheses.

Word boundary analysis is used by search and replace functions, as well as within text editing applications that allow the user to select words with a double click. Word selection provides correct interpretation of punctuation marks within and following words. Characters that are not part of a word, such as symbols or punctuation marks, have word-breaks on both sides.

Character boundary analysis allows users to interact with characters as they expect to, for example, when moving the cursor through a text string. Character boundary analysis provides correct navigation of through character strings, regardless of how the character is stored. For example, an accented character might be stored as a base character and a diacritical mark. What users consider to be a character can differ between languages.

The text boundary positions are found according to the rules described in Unicode Standard Annex #29, Text Boundaries, and Unicode Standard Annex #14, Line Breaking Properties. These are available at http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr14/ and http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr29/.

In addition to the C++ API defined in this header file, a plain C API with equivalent functionality is defined in the file ubrk.h

Code snippets illustrating the use of the Break Iterator APIs are available in the ICU User Guide, https://unicode-org.github.io/icu/userguide/boundaryanalysis/ and in the sample program icu/source/samples/break/break.cpp

Definition at line 108 of file brkiter.h.

Internal:

Do not use.

This API is for internal use only.

Internal:

Do not use.

This API is for internal use only.

Internal:

Do not use.

This API is for internal use only.

Change the text over which this operates.

The text boundary is reset to the start. Note that setText(UText *) provides similar functionality to this function, and is more efficient.

Parameters

Stable:

ICU 2.0

Implemented in icu::RuleBasedBreakIterator.

Deprecated functionality.

Use clone() instead.

Thread safe client-buffer-based cloning operation Do NOT call delete on a safeclone, since 'new' is not used to create it.

Parameters

stackBuffer user allocated space for the new clone. If nullptr new memory will be allocated. If buffer is not large enough, new memory will be allocated. BufferSize reference to size of allocated space. If BufferSize == 0, a sufficient size for use in cloning will be returned ('pre-flighting') If BufferSize is not enough for a stack-based safe clone, new memory will be allocated. status to indicate whether the operation went on smoothly or there were errors An informational status value, U_SAFECLONE_ALLOCATED_ERROR, is used if any allocations were necessary.

Returns

pointer to the new clone

Deprecated:

ICU 52. Use clone() instead.

Implemented in icu::RuleBasedBreakIterator.

Create BreakIterator for character-breaks using specified locale Returns an instance of a BreakIterator implementing character breaks.

Character breaks are boundaries of combining character sequences.

Parameters

where the locale. status The error code.

Returns

A BreakIterator for character-breaks. The UErrorCode& status parameter is used to return status information to the user. To check whether the construction succeeded or not, you should check the value of U_SUCCESS(err). If you wish more detailed information, you can check for informational error results which still indicate success. U_USING_FALLBACK_WARNING indicates that a fall back locale was used. For example, 'de_CH' was requested, but nothing was found there, so 'de' was used. U_USING_DEFAULT_WARNING indicates that the default locale data was used; neither the requested locale nor any of its fall back locales could be found. The caller owns the returned object and is responsible for deleting it.

Stable:

ICU 2.0

Create BreakIterator for line-breaks using specified locale.

Returns an instance of a BreakIterator implementing line breaks. Line breaks are logically possible line breaks, actual line breaks are usually determined based on display width. LineBreak is useful for word wrapping text.

Parameters

where the locale. status The error code.

Returns

A BreakIterator for line-breaks. The UErrorCode& status parameter is used to return status information to the user. To check whether the construction succeeded or not, you should check the value of U_SUCCESS(err). If you wish more detailed information, you can check for informational error results which still indicate success. U_USING_FALLBACK_WARNING indicates that a fall back locale was used. For example, 'de_CH' was requested, but nothing was found there, so 'de' was used. U_USING_DEFAULT_WARNING indicates that the default locale data was used; neither the requested locale nor any of its fall back locales could be found. The caller owns the returned object and is responsible for deleting it.

Stable:

ICU 2.0

Create BreakIterator for sentence-breaks using specified locale Returns an instance of a BreakIterator implementing sentence breaks.

Parameters

where the locale. status The error code.

Returns

A BreakIterator for sentence-breaks. The UErrorCode& status parameter is used to return status information to the user. To check whether the construction succeeded or not, you should check the value of U_SUCCESS(err). If you wish more detailed information, you can check for informational error results which still indicate success. U_USING_FALLBACK_WARNING indicates that a fall back locale was used. For example, 'de_CH' was requested, but nothing was found there, so 'de' was used. U_USING_DEFAULT_WARNING indicates that the default locale data was used; neither the requested locale nor any of its fall back locales could be found. The caller owns the returned object and is responsible for deleting it.

Stable:

ICU 2.0

Create BreakIterator for title-casing breaks using the specified locale Returns an instance of a BreakIterator implementing title breaks.

The iterator returned locates title boundaries as described for Unicode 3.2 only. For Unicode 4.0 and above title boundary iteration, please use a word boundary iterator. See createWordInstance.

Parameters

where the locale. status The error code.

Returns

A BreakIterator for title-breaks. The UErrorCode& status parameter is used to return status information to the user. To check whether the construction succeeded or not, you should check the value of U_SUCCESS(err). If you wish more detailed information, you can check for informational error results which still indicate success. U_USING_FALLBACK_WARNING indicates that a fall back locale was used. For example, 'de_CH' was requested, but nothing was found there, so 'de' was used. U_USING_DEFAULT_WARNING indicates that the default locale data was used; neither the requested locale nor any of its fall back locales could be found. The caller owns the returned object and is responsible for deleting it.

Deprecated:

ICU 64 Use createWordInstance instead.

Create BreakIterator for word-breaks using the given locale.

Returns an instance of a BreakIterator implementing word breaks. WordBreak is useful for word selection (ex. double click)

Parameters

where the locale. status the error code

Returns

A BreakIterator for word-breaks. The UErrorCode& status parameter is used to return status information to the user. To check whether the construction succeeded or not, you should check the value of U_SUCCESS(err). If you wish more detailed information, you can check for informational error results which still indicate success. U_USING_FALLBACK_WARNING indicates that a fall back locale was used. For example, 'de_CH' was requested, but nothing was found there, so 'de' was used. U_USING_DEFAULT_WARNING indicates that the default locale data was used; neither the requested locale nor any of its fall back locales could be found. The caller owns the returned object and is responsible for deleting it.

Stable:

ICU 2.0

Return character index of the current iterator position within the text.

Returns

The boundary most recently returned.

Stable:

ICU 2.0

Implemented in icu::RuleBasedBreakIterator.

Sets the current iteration position to the beginning of the text, position zero.

Returns

The offset of the beginning of the text, zero.

Stable:

ICU 2.0

Implemented in icu::RuleBasedBreakIterator.

Advance the iterator to the first boundary following the specified offset.

The value returned is always greater than the offset or the value BreakIterator.DONE

Parameters

offset the offset to begin scanning.

Returns

The first boundary after the specified offset.

Stable:

ICU 2.0

Implemented in icu::RuleBasedBreakIterator.

Get the set of Locales for which TextBoundaries are installed.

Note: this will not return locales added through the register call. To see the registered locales too, use the getAvailableLocales function that returns a StringEnumeration object

Parameters

count the output parameter of number of elements in the locale list

Returns

available locales

Stable:

ICU 2.0

Get name of the object for the desired Locale, in the desired language.

Parameters

objectLocale must be from getAvailableLocales. displayLocale specifies the desired locale for output. name the fill-in parameter of the return value Uses best match.

Returns

user-displayable name

Stable:

ICU 2.0

Get name of the object for the desired Locale, in the language of the default locale.

Parameters

objectLocale must be from getMatchingLocales name the fill-in parameter of the return value

Returns

user-displayable name

Stable:

ICU 2.0

Returns the locale for this break iterator.

Two flavors are available: valid and actual locale.

Stable:

ICU 2.8

Get the locale for this break iterator object.

You can choose between valid and actual locale.

Parameters

type type of the locale we're looking for (valid or actual) status error code for the operation

Returns

the locale

Internal:

Do not use. This API is for internal use only.

For RuleBasedBreakIterators, return the status tag from the break rule that determined the boundary at the current iteration position.

For break iterator types that do not support a rule status, a default value of 0 is returned.

Returns

the status from the break rule that determined the boundary at the current iteration position.

See also

RuleBaseBreakIterator::getRuleStatus()

UWordBreak

Stable:

ICU 52

Reimplemented in icu::RuleBasedBreakIterator.

For RuleBasedBreakIterators, get the status (tag) values from the break rule(s) that determined the boundary at the current iteration position.

For break iterator types that do not support rule status, no values are returned.

The returned status value(s) are stored into an array provided by the caller. The values are stored in sorted (ascending) order. If the capacity of the output array is insufficient to hold the data, the output will be truncated to the available length, and a U_BUFFER_OVERFLOW_ERROR will be signaled.

See also

RuleBaseBreakIterator::getRuleStatusVec

Parameters

fillInVec an array to be filled in with the status values. capacity the length of the supplied vector. A length of zero causes the function to return the number of status values, in the normal way, without attempting to store any values. status receives error codes.

Returns

The number of rule status values from rules that determined the boundary at the current iteration position. In the event of a U_BUFFER_OVERFLOW_ERROR, the return value is the total number of status values that were available, not the reduced number that were actually returned.

See also

getRuleStatus

Stable:

ICU 52

Reimplemented in icu::RuleBasedBreakIterator.

Get a UText for the text being analyzed.

The returned UText is a shallow clone of the UText used internally by the break iterator implementation. It can safely be used to access the text without impacting any break iterator operations, but the underlying text itself must not be altered.

Parameters

fillIn A UText to be filled in. If nullptr, a new UText will be allocated to hold the result. status receives any error codes.

Returns

The current UText for this break iterator. If an input UText was provided, it will always be returned.

Stable:

ICU 3.4

Implemented in icu::RuleBasedBreakIterator.

Return true if the specified position is a boundary position.

As a side effect, the current position of the iterator is set to the first boundary position at or following the specified offset.

Parameters

offset the offset to check.

Returns

True if "offset" is a boundary position.

Stable:

ICU 2.0

Implemented in icu::RuleBasedBreakIterator.

Set the iterator position to the index immediately BEYOND the last character in the text being scanned.

Returns

The index immediately BEYOND the last character in the text being scanned.

Stable:

ICU 2.0

Implemented in icu::RuleBasedBreakIterator.

Advance the iterator to the boundary following the current boundary.

Returns

The character index of the next text boundary or DONE if all boundaries have been returned.

Stable:

ICU 2.0

Implemented in icu::RuleBasedBreakIterator.

Set the iterator position to the nth boundary from the current boundary.

Parameters

n the number of boundaries to move by. A value of 0 does nothing. Negative values move to previous boundaries and positive values move to later boundaries.

Returns

The new iterator position, or DONE if there are fewer than |n| boundaries in the specified direction.

Stable:

ICU 2.0

Implemented in icu::RuleBasedBreakIterator.

Returns the complement of the result of operator==.

Parameters

Returns

the complement of the result of operator==

Stable:

ICU 2.0

Definition at line 137 of file brkiter.h.

References icu::operator==().

Return true if another object is semantically equal to this one.

The other object should be an instance of the same subclass of BreakIterator. Objects of different subclasses are considered unequal.

Return true if this BreakIterator is at the same position in the same text, and is the same class and type (word, line, etc.) of BreakIterator, as the argument. Text is considered the same if it contains the same characters, it need not be the same object, and styles are not considered.

Stable:

ICU 2.0

Implemented in icu::RuleBasedBreakIterator.

Referenced by icu::RuleBasedBreakIterator::operator!=().

Set the iterator position to the first boundary preceding the specified offset.

The value returned is always smaller than the offset or the value BreakIterator.DONE

Parameters

offset the offset to begin scanning.

Returns

The first boundary before the specified offset.

Stable:

ICU 2.0

Implemented in icu::RuleBasedBreakIterator.

Set the iterator position to the boundary preceding the current boundary.

Returns

The character index of the previous text boundary or DONE if all boundaries have been returned.

Stable:

ICU 2.0

Implemented in icu::RuleBasedBreakIterator.

Set the subject text string upon which the break iterator is operating without changing any other aspect of the matching state.

The new and previous text strings must have the same content.

This function is intended for use in environments where ICU is operating on strings that may move around in memory. It provides a mechanism for notifying ICU that the string has been relocated, and providing a new UText to access the string in its new position.

Note that the break iterator implementation never copies the underlying text of a string being processed, but always operates directly on the original text provided by the user. Refreshing simply drops the references to the old text and replaces them with references to the new.

Caution: this function is normally used only by very specialized, system-level code. One example use case is with garbage collection that moves the text in memory.

Parameters

input The new (moved) text string. status Receives errors detected by this function.

Returns

*this

Stable:

ICU 49

Implemented in icu::RuleBasedBreakIterator.

Register a new break iterator of the indicated kind, to use in the given locale.

The break iterator will be adopted. Clones of the iterator will be returned if a request for a break iterator of the given kind matches or falls back to this locale. Because ICU may choose to cache BreakIterators internally, this must be called at application startup, prior to any calls to BreakIterator::createXXXInstance to avoid undefined behavior.

Parameters

toAdopt the BreakIterator instance to be adopted locale the Locale for which this instance is to be registered kind the type of iterator for which this instance is to be registered status the in/out status code, no special meanings are assigned

Returns

a registry key that can be used to unregister this instance

Stable:

ICU 2.4

Change the text over which this operates.

The text boundary is reset to the start.

The BreakIterator will retain a reference to the supplied string. The caller must not modify or delete the text while the BreakIterator retains the reference.

Parameters

Stable:

ICU 2.0

Implemented in icu::RuleBasedBreakIterator.

Reset the break iterator to operate over the text represented by the UText.

The iterator position is reset to the start.

This function makes a shallow clone of the supplied UText. This means that the caller is free to immediately close or otherwise reuse the Utext that was passed as a parameter, but that the underlying text itself must not be altered while being referenced by the break iterator.

All index positions returned by break iterator functions are native indices from the UText. For example, when breaking UTF-8 encoded text, the break positions returned by next(), previous(), etc. will be UTF-8 string indices, not UTF-16 positions.

Parameters

text The UText used to change the text. status receives any error codes.

Stable:

ICU 3.4

Implemented in icu::RuleBasedBreakIterator.

Unregister a previously-registered BreakIterator using the key returned from the register call.

Key becomes invalid after a successful call and should not be used again. The BreakIterator corresponding to the key will be deleted. Because ICU may choose to cache BreakIterators internally, this should be called during application shutdown, after all calls to BreakIterator::createXXXInstance to avoid undefined behavior.

Parameters

key the registry key returned by a previous call to registerInstance status the in/out status code, no special meanings are assigned

Returns

true if the iterator for the key was successfully unregistered

Stable:

ICU 2.4

The documentation for this class was generated from the following file:

• common/unicode/brkiter.h

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