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Building ICU4C | ICU Documentation

1. Recommended Build Options
   1. ICU as a System-Level Library
2. User-Configurable Settings
3. How To Build And Install On Windows
   1. Running the Tests from the Windows Command Line (cmd)
   2. Running the Tests from within Visual Studio
   3. Building with other versions of Visual Studio
   4. Re-targeting the Windows 10 SDK for the UWP projects
   5. Using MSBUILD At The Command Line
   6. Skipping the UWP Projects on the Command Line
   7. Setting Active Platform
   8. Setting Active Configuration
   9. Batch Configuration
4. How To Build And Install On Windows with Cygwin
   1. Configuring ICU on Windows
5. How To Build And Install On UNIX
   1. Configuring ICU
   2. Running The Tests From The Command Line
   3. Installing ICU
6. How To Build And Install On z/OS (OS/390)
   1. z/OS (Batch/PDS) support outside the z/OS UNIX environment
7. How To Build And Install On The IBM i Family (IBM i, i5/OS OS/400)
8. How To Cross Compile ICU

Depending on the platform and the type of installation, we recommend a small number of modifications and build options. Note that ICU4C requires C11 & C++17.

• Namespace (ICU 61 and later): Since ICU 61, call sites need to qualify ICU types explicitly, for example icu::UnicodeString, or do using icu::UnicodeString; where appropriate. If your code relies on the “using namespace icu;” that used to be in unicode/uversion.h, then you need to update your code. You could temporarily (until you have more time to update your code) revert to the default “using” via -DU_USING_ICU_NAMESPACE=1 or by modifying unicode/uversion.h:

    Index: icu4c/source/common/unicode/uversion.h
    ===================================================================
    --- icu4c/source/common/unicode/uversion.h      (revision 40704)
    +++ icu4c/source/common/unicode/uversion.h      (working copy)
    @@ -127,7 +127,7 @@
                     defined(U_LAYOUTEX_IMPLEMENTATION) || defined(U_TOOLUTIL_IMPLEMENTATION)
     #           define U_USING_ICU_NAMESPACE 0
     #       else
    -#           define U_USING_ICU_NAMESPACE 0
    +#           define U_USING_ICU_NAMESPACE 1
     #       endif
     #   endif
     #   if U_USING_ICU_NAMESPACE

• Namespace (ICU 60 and earlier): By default, unicode/uversion.h has “using namespace icu;” which defeats much of the purpose of the namespace. (This is for historical reasons: Originally, ICU4C did not use namespaces, and some compilers did not support them. The default “using” statement preserves source code compatibility.) You should turn this off via -DU_USING_ICU_NAMESPACE=0 or by modifying unicode/uversion.h:

    Index: source/common/unicode/uversion.h
    ===================================================================
    --- source/common/unicode/uversion.h    (revision 26606)
    +++ source/common/unicode/uversion.h    (working copy)
    @@ -180,7 +180,8 @@
     #   define U_NAMESPACE_QUALIFIER U_ICU_NAMESPACE::

     #   ifndef U_USING_ICU_NAMESPACE
    -#       define U_USING_ICU_NAMESPACE 1
    +        // Set to 0 to force namespace declarations in ICU usage.
    +#       define U_USING_ICU_NAMESPACE 0
     #   endif
     #   if U_USING_ICU_NAMESPACE
             U_NAMESPACE_USE

ICU call sites then either qualify ICU types explicitly, for example `icu::UnicodeString`, or do `using icu::UnicodeString;` where appropriate. *   **Hardcode the default charset to UTF-8:** On platforms where the default charset is always UTF-8, like MacOS X and some Linux distributions, we recommend hardcoding ICU's default charset to UTF-8. This means that some implementation code becomes simpler and faster, and statically linked ICU libraries become smaller. (See the [U_CHARSET_IS_UTF8](https://unicode-org.github.io/icu-docs/apidoc/dev/icu4c/platform_8h.html#a0a33e1edf3cd23d9e9c972b63c9f7943) API documentation for more details.)
You can `-DU_CHARSET_IS_UTF8=1` or modify `unicode/utypes.h` (in ICU 4.8 and below) or modify unicode/platform.h (in ICU 49 and higher):

    Index: source/common/unicode/utypes.h
    ===================================================================
    --- source/common/unicode/utypes.h      (revision 26606)
    +++ source/common/unicode/utypes.h      (working copy)
    @@ -160,7 +160,7 @@
      * @see UCONFIG_NO_CONVERSION
      */
     #ifndef U_CHARSET_IS_UTF8
    -#   define U_CHARSET_IS_UTF8 0
    +#   define U_CHARSET_IS_UTF8 1
     #endif

     /*===========================================================================*/

• UnicodeString constructors: The UnicodeString class has several single-argument constructors that are not marked “explicit” for historical reasons. This can lead to inadvertent construction of a UnicodeString with a single character by using an integer, and it can lead to inadvertent dependency on the conversion framework by using a C string literal. Beginning with ICU 49, you should do the following:
  • Consider marking the from-UChar and from-UChar32 constructors explicit via -DUNISTR_FROM_CHAR_EXPLICIT=explicit or similar.
  • Consider marking the from-const char* and from-const UChar* constructors explicit via -DUNISTR_FROM_STRING_EXPLICIT=explicit or similar.

    Note: The ICU test suites cannot be compiled with these settings.

• utf.h, utf8.h, utf16.h, utf_old.h: By default, utypes.h (and thus almost every public ICU header) includes all of these header files. Often, none of them are needed, or only one or two of them. All of utf_old.h is deprecated or obsolete. Beginning with ICU 49, you should define U_NO_DEFAULT_INCLUDE_UTF_HEADERS to 1 (via -D or uconfig.h, as above) and include those header files explicitly that you actually need.

  Note: The ICU test suites cannot be compiled with this setting.

• utf_old.h: All of utf_old.h is deprecated or obsolete. Beginning with ICU 60, you should define U_HIDE_OBSOLETE_UTF_OLD_H to 1 (via -D or uconfig.h, as above). Use of any of these macros should be replaced as noted in the comments for the obsolete macro.

  Note: The ICU test suites can be compiled with this setting.

• .dat file: By default, the ICU data is built into a shared library (DLL). This is convenient because it requires no install-time or runtime configuration, but the library is platform-specific and cannot be modified. A .dat package file makes the opposite trade-off: Platform-portable (except for endianness and charset family, which can be changed with the icupkg tool) and modifiable (also with the icupkg tool). If a path is set, then single data files (e.g., .res files) can be copied to that location to provide new locale data or conversion tables etc. The only drawback with a .dat package file is that the application needs to provide ICU with the file system path to the package file (e.g., by calling u_setDataDirectory()) or with a pointer to the data (udata_setCommonData()) before other ICU API calls. This is usually easy if ICU is used from an application where main() takes care of such initialization. It may be hard if ICU is shipped with another shared library (such as the Xerces-C++ XML parser) which does not control main(). See the User Guide ICU Data chapter for more details. If possible, we recommend building the .dat package. Specify --with-data-packaging=archive on the configure command line, as in runConfigureICU Linux --with-data-packaging=archive (Read the configure script’s output for further instructions. On Windows, the Visual Studio build generates both the .dat package and the data DLL.) Be sure to install and use the tiny stubdata library rather than the large data DLL.
• Static libraries: It may make sense to build the ICU code into static libraries (.a) rather than shared libraries (.so/.dll). Static linking reduces the overall size of the binary by removing code that is never called. Example configure command line: runConfigureICU Linux --enable-static --disable-shared
• Out-of-source build: It is usually desirable to keep the ICU source file tree clean and have build output files written to a different location. This is called an “out-of-source build”. Simply invoke the configure script from the target location:

  ~/icu$ git clone https://github.com/unicode-org/icu.git
  ~/icu$ mkdir icu4c-build
  ~/icu$ cd icu4c-build
  ~/icu/icu4c-build$ ../icu/icu4c/source/runConfigureICU Linux
  ~/icu/icu4c-build$ make check
  

  Note: this example shows a relative path to runConfigureICU. If you experience difficulty, try using an absolute path to runConfigureICU instead.

If ICU is installed as a system-level library, there are further opportunities and restrictions to consider. For details, see the Using ICU as an Operating System Level Library section of the User Guide ICU Architectural Design chapter.

• Data path: For a system-level library, it is best to load ICU data from the .dat package file because the file system path to the .dat package file can be hardcoded. ICU will automatically set the path to the final install location using U_ICU_DATA_DEFAULT_DIR. Alternatively, you can set -DICU_DATA_DIR=/path/to/icu/data when building the ICU code. (Used by source/common/putil.c.) Consider also setting -DICU_NO_USER_DATA_OVERRIDE if you do not want the ICU_DATA environment variable to be used. (An application can still override the data path via u_setDataDirectory() or udata_setCommonData().
• Hide draft API: API marked with @draft is new and not yet stable. Applications must not rely on unstable APIs from a system-level library. Define U_HIDE_DRAFT_API, U_HIDE_INTERNAL_API and U_HIDE_SYSTEM_API by modifying unicode/utypes.h before installing it.
• Only C APIs: Applications must not rely on C++ APIs from a system-level library because binary C++ compatibility across library and compiler versions is very hard to achieve. Most ICU C++ APIs are in header files that contain a comment with \brief C++ API. Consider not installing these header files, or define U_SHOW_CPLUSPLUS_API to be 0 by modifying unicode/utypes.h before installing it.
• Disable renaming: By default, ICU library entry point names have an ICU version suffix. Turn this off for a system-level installation, to enable upgrading ICU without breaking applications. For example: runConfigureICU Linux --disable-renaming The public header files from this configuration must be installed for applications to include and get the correct entry point names.

ICU4C can be customized via a number of user-configurable settings. Many of them are controlled by preprocessor macros which are defined in the source/common/unicode/uconfig.h header file. Some turn off parts of ICU, for example conversion or collation, trading off a smaller library for reduced functionality. Other settings are recommended (see previous section) but their default values are set for better source code compatibility.

In order to change such user-configurable settings, you can either modify the uconfig.h header file by adding a specific #define ... for one or more of the macros before they are first tested, or set the compiler’s preprocessor flags (CPPFLAGS) to include an equivalent -D macro definition.

Building International Components for Unicode requires:

• Microsoft Windows 7 or newer. (Windows XP and Windows Vista are not supported)
• Microsoft Visual C++ (part of Visual Studio) (from either Visual Studio 2017 or Visual Studio 2019)
• Optional: A version of the Windows 10 SDK is needed if you want to build the UWP projects.

Notes regarding Windows specific issues:

• When using “@compat=host” on versions of Windows below Windows 10 version 1703, there are 6 locales with date and number formatting issues (#13119).

• The LCID conversion APIs don’t round-trip Kurdish (ku) and Central Kurdish (ckb) due to Windows not having a ckb locale (#20181).

Note: Cygwin is required if using a version of MSVC other than the one compatible with the supplied project files or if other compilers are used to build ICU. (e.g. GCC)

The steps are:

1. Unzip the icu-XXXX.zip file into any convenient location.
   • You can use the built-in zip functionality of Windows Explorer to do this. Right-click on the .zip file and choose the “Extract All” option from the context menu. This will open a new window where you can choose the output location to put the files.
   • Alternatively, you can use a 3^rd party GUI tool like 7-Zip or WinZip to do this as well.
2. Be sure that the ICU binary directory, (ex: <ICU>\bin\), is included in the PATH environment variable. The tests will not work without the location of the ICU DLL files in the path. Note that the binary directory name can depend on what architecture you select when you compile ICU. For x86 or 32-bit builds, the binary directory is bin. Whereas for x64 or 64-bit builds the binary directory is bin64.
3. Open the <ICU>\source\allinone\allinone.sln solution file in ‘Visual Studio 2017’. (This solution includes all the International Components for Unicode libraries, necessary ICU building tools, and the test suite projects). Please see the command line note below if you want to build from the command line instead.
4. If you are building using ‘Visual Studio 2015’ instead, or if you are building the UWP projects and you have a different version of the Windows 10 SDK installed you will first need to modify the two Build.Windows.*.props files in the allinone directory before you can open the “allinone” solution file. Please see the notes below about building with other versions of Visual Studio and the notes on re-targeting the Windows 10 SDK for the UWP projects for details. Alternatively, you can skip building the UWP projects entirely as well.
5. Set the active platform to “Win32” or “x64” (See Windows platform note below) and configuration to “Debug” or “Release” (See Windows configuration note below).
6. Choose the “Build” menu and select “Rebuild Solution”. If you want to build the Debug and Release at the same time, see the batch configuration note below.

7. Run the tests. They can be run from the command line or from within Visual Studio.

   Running the Tests from the Windows Command Line (cmd)

   • The general syntax is:

     <ICU>\source\allinone\icucheck.bat Platform Configuration
     

   • So, for example for x86 (32-bit) and Debug, use the following:

     <ICU>\source\allinone\icucheck.bat x86 Debug
     

     For x86 (32-bit) and Release:

     <ICU>\source\allinone\icucheck.bat x86 Release
     

     For x64 (64-bit) and Debug:

     <ICU>\source\allinone\icucheck.bat x64 Debug
     

     For x64 (64-bit) and Release:

     <ICU>\source\allinone\icucheck.bat x64 Release
     

   Running the Tests from within Visual Studio
   1. Run the C++ test suite, intltest. To do this: set the active startup project to “intltest”, and press Ctrl+F5 to run it. Make sure that it passes without any errors.
   2. Run the C test suite, cintltst. To do this: set the active startup project to “cintltst”, and press Ctrl+F5 to run it. Make sure that it passes without any errors.
   3. Run the I/O test suite, iotest. To do this: set the active startup project to “iotest”, and press Ctrl+F5 to run it. Make sure that it passes without any errors.
8. You are now able to develop applications with ICU by using the libraries and tools in <ICU>\bin\. The headers are in <ICU>\include\ and the link libraries are in <ICU>\lib\. To install the ICU runtime on a machine, or ship it with your application, copy the needed components from <ICU>\bin\ to a location on the system PATH or to your application directory.

The particular version of the MSVC compiler tool-set (and thus the corresponding version of Visual Studio) that is used to compile ICU is determined by the PlatformToolset property. This property is stored in two different shared files that are used to set common configuration settings amongst the various ICU *.vcxproj project files. For the non-UWP projects, this setting is in the shared file called Build.Windows.ProjectConfiguration.props located in the allinone directory. For the UWP projects, this setting is in the shared file called Build.Windows.UWP.ProjectConfiguration.props, also located in the allinone directory.

The value of v140 corresponds to the Visual Studio 2015 compiler tool set, whereas the value of v141 corresponds to the Visual Studio 2017 compiler tool set.

In order to build the non-UWP projects with Visual Studio 2015 you will need to modify the file called Build.Windows.ProjectConfiguration.props to change the value of the PlatformToolset property. Note however that Visual Studio 2017 is required for building the UWP projects.

Note: Using older versions of the MSVC compiler is generally not recommended due to the improved support for the C++17 standard in newer versions of the compiler.

If the version of the Windows 10 SDK that you have installed does not match the version used by the UWP projects, then you will need to “retarget” them to use the version of the SDK that you have installed instead. There are two ways to do this:

• In Visual Studio you can right-click on the UWP projects in the ‘Solution Explorer’ and select the option ‘Retarget Projects’ from the context menu. This will open up a window where you can select the SDK version to target from a drop-down list of the various SDKs that are installed on the machine.
• Alternatively, you can manually edit the shared file called Build.Windows.UWP.ProjectConfiguration.props which is located in the allinone directory. You will need to change the of the WindowsTargetPlatformVersion property to the version of the SDK that you would like to use instead.

You can build ICU from the command line instead of using the Visual Studio GUI. Assuming that you have properly installed Visual Studio to support command line building, you should have a shortcut for the “Developer Command Prompt” listed in the Start Menu. (For Visual Studio 2017 you will need to install the “Desktop development with C++” option).

• Open the “Developer Command Prompt” shortcut from the Start Menu. (This will open up a new command line window).
• From within the “Developer Command Prompt” change directory (cd) to the ICU source directory.
• You can then use either msbuild directly, or you can use the devenv.com command to build ICU.
• Using MSBUILD:
  • To build the 32-bit Debug version, use the following command line:

    msbuild source\allinone\allinone.sln /p:Configuration=Debug /p:Platform=Win32
    

  • To build the 64-bit Release version, use the following command line:

    msbuild source\allinone\allinone.sln /p:Configuration=Release /p:Platform=x64
    

• Using devenv.com:
  • To build the 32-bit Debug version, use the following command line:

    devenv.com source\allinone\allinone.sln /build "Debug|Win32"
    

  • To build the 64-bit Release version, use the following command line:

    devenv.com source\allinone\allinone.sln /build "Release|x64"
    

You can skip (or omit) building the UWP projects on the command line by passing the argument ‘SkipUWP=true’ to either MSBUILD or devenv.

• For example, using MSBUILD:
  • To skip building the UWP projects with a 32-bit Debug build, use the following command line:

    msbuild source\allinone\allinone.sln /p:Configuration=Debug /p:Platform=Win32 /p:SkipUWP=true
    

  • To skip building the UWP projects with a 64-bit Release version, use the following command line:

    msbuild source\allinone\allinone.sln /p:Configuration=Release /p:Platform=x64 /p:SkipUWP=true
    

You can also use Cygwin with the MSVC compiler to build ICU, and you can refer to the How To Build And Install On Windows with Cygwin section for more details.

Even though you are able to select “x64” as the active platform, if your operating system is not a 64 bit version of Windows, the build will fail. To set the active platform, two different possibilities are:

• Choose “Build” menu, select “Configuration Manager…”, and select “Win32” or “x64” for the Active Platform Solution.
• Another way is to select the desired build configuration from “Solution Platforms” dropdown menu from the standard toolbar. It will say “Win32” or “x64” in the dropdown list.

To set the active configuration, two different possibilities are:

• Choose “Build” menu, select “Configuration Manager…”, and select “Release” or “Debug” for the Active Configuration Solution.
• Another way is to select the desired build configuration from “Solution Configurations” dropdown menu from the standard toolbar. It will say “Release” or “Debug” in the dropdown list.

If you want to build the Win32 and x64 platforms and Debug and Release configurations at the same time, choose “Build” menu, and select “Batch Build…”. Click the “Select All” button, and then click the “Rebuild” button.

Building International Components for Unicode with this configuration requires:

• Microsoft Windows
• Microsoft Visual C++ (from Visual Studio 2015 or newer, when gcc isn’t used).
• Cygwin with the following installed:
  • bash
  • GNU make
  • ar
  • ranlib
  • man (if you plan to look at the man pages)

There are two ways you can build ICU with Cygwin. You can build with gcc or Microsoft Visual C++. If you use gcc, the resulting libraries and tools will depend on the Cygwin environment. If you use Microsoft Visual C++, the resulting libraries and tools do not depend on Cygwin and can be more easily distributed to other Windows computers (the generated man pages and shell scripts still need Cygwin). To build with gcc, please follow the “How To Build And Install On UNIX” instructions, while you are inside a Cygwin bash shell. To build with Microsoft Visual C++, please use the following instructions:

1. Start the Windows “Command Prompt” window. This is different from the gcc build, which requires the Cygwin Bash command prompt. The Microsoft Visual C++ compiler will not work with a bash command prompt.
2. If the computer isn’t set up to use Visual C++ from the command line, you need to run vcvars32.bat. For example: C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\VC\bin\vcvars32.bat can be used for 32-bit builds or C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14\VC\bin\x86_amd64\vcvarsx86_amd64.bat can be used for 64-bit builds on Windows x64.
3. Unzip the icu-XXXX.zip file into any convenient location. Using command line zip, type “unzip -a icu-XXXX.zip -d drive:\directory”, or just use WinZip.
4. Change directory to “icu/source”, which is where you unzipped ICU.
5. Run bash ./runConfigureICU Cygwin/MSVC (See Windows configuration note and non-functional configure options below; see source for ./runConfigureICU).
6. Type make to compile the libraries and all the data files. This make command should be GNU make.
7. Optionally, type make check to run the test suite, which checks for ICU’s functionality integrity (See testing note below).
8. Type make install to install ICU. If you used the --prefix= option on configure or runConfigureICU, ICU will be installed to the directory you specified. (See installation note below).

Ensure that the order of the PATH is MSVC, Cygwin, and then other PATHs. The configure script needs certain tools in Cygwin (e.g. grep).

Also, you may need to run dos2unix.exe on all of the scripts (e.g. configure) in the top source directory of ICU. To avoid this issue, you can download the ICU source for Unix platforms (icu-xxx.tgz).

In addition to the Unix configuration note the following configure options currently do not work on Windows with Microsoft’s compiler. Some options can work by manually editing icu/source/common/unicode/pwin32.h, but manually editing the files is not recommended.

• --disable-renaming
• --enable-tracing
• --enable-rpath
• --enable-static (Requires that U_STATIC_IMPLEMENTATION be defined in user code that links against ICU’s static libraries.)
• --with-data-packaging=files (The pkgdata tool currently does not work in this mode. Manual packaging is required to use this mode.)

Building International Components for Unicode on UNIX requires:

• A C++ compiler installed on the target machine (for example: gcc, CC, xlC_r, aCC, cxx, etc…).
• An ANSI C compiler installed on the target machine (for example: cc).
• A recent version of GNU make (3.80+).
• For a list of z/OS tools please view the z/OS build section of this document for further details.

Here are the steps to build ICU:

1. Decompress the icu-_X_.Y.tgz (or icu-_X_.Y.tar.gz) file. For example,

   gunzip -d < icu-_X_._Y_.tgz | tar xvf -
   

2. Change directory to icu/source.
3. Some files may have the wrong permissions.

   chmod +x runConfigureICU configure install-sh
   

4. Run the runConfigureICU script for your platform. (See configuration note below).
5. Now build:

   (or just make if GNU make is the default make on your platform) to compile the libraries and all the data files. The proper name of the GNU make command is printed at the end of the configuration run, as in "You must use gmake to compile ICU". Note that the compilation command output may be simplified on your platform. If this is the case, you will see just: gcc ... stubdata.c rather than gcc -DU_NO_DEFAULT_INCLUDE_UTF_HEADERS=1 -D_REENTRANT -I../common -DU_ATTRIBUTE_DEPRECATED= -O2 -Wall -std=c11 -pedantic -Wshadow -Wpointer-arith -Wmissing-prototypes -Wwrite-strings -c -DPIC -fPIC -o stubdata.o stubdata.c If you need to see the whole compilation line, use gmake VERBOSE=1. The full compilation line will print if an error occurs.

6. Optionally,

   will run the test suite, which checks for ICU’s functionality integrity (See testing note below).

7. To install,

   to install ICU. If you used the --prefix= option on configure or runConfigureICU, ICU will be installed to the directory you specified. (See installation note below).

Type "./runConfigureICU --help" for help on how to run it and a list of supported platforms. You may also want to type "./configure --help" to print the available configure options that you may want to give runConfigureICU. If you are not using the runConfigureICU script, or your platform is not supported by the script, you may need to set your CC, CXX, CFLAGS and CXXFLAGS environment variables, and type "./configure". HP-UX users, please see this note regarding HP-UX multithreaded build issues with newer compilers. Solaris users, please see this note regarding Solaris multithreaded build issues.

ICU is built with strict compiler warnings enabled by default. If this causes excessive numbers of warnings on your platform, use the --disable-strict option to configure to reduce the warning level.

You may have to set certain variables if you with to run test programs individually, that is apart from “gmake check”. The environment variable ICU_DATA can be set to the full pathname of the data directory to indicate where the locale data files and conversion mapping tables are when you are not using the shared library (e.g. by using the .dat archive or the individual data files). The trailing “/” is required after the directory name (e.g. $Root/source/data/out/ will work, but the value $Root/source/data/out is not acceptable). You do not need to set ICU_DATA if the complete shared data library is in your library path.

Some platforms use package management tools to control the installation and uninstallation of files on the system, as well as the integrity of the system configuration. You may want to check if ICU can be packaged for your package management tools by looking into the packaging directory. (Please note that if you are using a snapshot of ICU from Git, it is probable that the packaging scripts or related files are not up to date with the contents of ICU at this time, so use them with caution).

You can install ICU on z/OS or OS/390 (the previous name of z/OS), but IBM tests only the z/OS installation. You install ICU in a z/OS UNIX System Services (z/OS UNIX) file system such as HFS or zFS. On this platform, it is important that you understand a few details:

• GNU make is required for building ICU. If it is not already installed on your system, it is available at the IBM Open Enterprise Foundation for z/OS or ZOS Open Tools. Ensure that the PATH environment variable includes the location of this executable prior to building. Failure to add this tool to your PATH may cause ICU build failures or prevent pkgdata from running.
• Since z/OS UNIX does not support using the mmap() function over NFS, it is recommended that you build ICU on a local filesystem. Once ICU has been built, you should not have this problem while using ICU when the data library has been built as a shared library, which is this is the default setting.
• Encoding considerations: The source code assumes that it is compiled with codepage ibm-1047 (to be exact, the z/OS UNIX variant of it). The pax command converts all of the source code files from ASCII to codepage ibm-1047 (z/OS UNIX) EBCDIC. However, some files are binary files and must not be converted, or must be converted back to their original state. You can use the unpax-icu.sh script to do this for you automatically. It will unpackage the tar file and convert all the necessary files for you automatically.
• z/OS supports both native S/390 hexadecimal floating point and (with OS/390 2.6 and later) IEEE 754 binary floating point. This is a compile time option. Applications built with IEEE should use ICU DLLs that are built with IEEE (and vice versa). The environment variable ICU_IS_NOT_IEEE754=1 will disable IEEE floating point support on z/OS and use the native hexadecimal floating point. By default, ICU is built with IEEE 754 support. Native hexadecimal floating point support is sufficient for codepage conversion, resource bundle and UnicodeString operations, but the Format APIs require IEEE binary floating point.
• Use IBM Open XL C/C++ 2.1 for z/OS (or later) for z/OS build of ICU library. IBM XL C/C++ for z/OS does not support C++17 and can only build up to ICU v58. Target architecture can be controlled with TARGET_ICU_ARCH enviromental variable, default is arch10.

When building ICU data, you might need to set the following environment variables:

export _ENCODE_FILE_NEW=IBM-1047
export _ENCODE_FILE_EXISTING=IBM-1047
export _CEE_RUNOPTS="FILETAG(AUTOCVT,AUTOTAG) POSIX(ON)"
export _BPXK_AUTOCVT=ON
export _TAG_REDIR_ERR=txt
export _TAG_REDIR_IN=txt
export _TAG_REDIR_OUT=txt

The rest of the instructions for building and testing ICU on z/OS UNIX are the same as the How To Build And Install On UNIX section.

ICU on z/OS builds its libraries into the z/OS UNIX file system (HFS). In addition, some libraries are built with batch-ready names. The default batch-ready ICU naming convention is LICU as prefix, 2 characters for version of ICU library, and 2 characters for specific ICU library name (see examples below). Use the following environmental variables to control z/OS batch-ready build of ICU:

• ICU_PDS_NAME_PREFIX sets the library name prefix.
• ICU_PDS_NAME_SUFFIX sets the library name suffix. If not set, the suffix is empty by default.
• ICU_PDS_NAME overrides ICU_PDS_NAME_PREFIX and two-character ICU library version. The two-character code for the specific ICU library will be appended.
• ICU_PLUGINS_DD indicates the ICU plug-ins location. A value of 1 forces the ICU to load plug-ins from //DD:ICUPLUG. ICU_PLUGINS_DD is not set by default, which means the ICU reads plug-ins from an HFS directory.

Detailed schema of batch-ready naming:

{ICU_PDS_NAME_PREFIX}{two-character ICU library version}{two-character ICU library code}{ICU_PDS_NAME_SUFFIX}
{                    ICU_PDS_NAME                      }

Default batch-ready library subset names mapped to original UNIX names:

LICU76DA - libicudata.so
LICU76IN - libicui18n.so
LICU76IO - libicuio.so
LICU76UC - libicuuc.so

To use ICU from batch, copy the ICU libraries to a PDSE data set with the following attributes:

Data Set Name . . . : USER.ICU.LOAD
Management class. . : **None**
Storage class . . . : BASE
Volume serial . . . : TSO007
Device type . . . . : 3390
Data class. . . . . : LOAD
Organization  . . . : PO
Record format . . . : U
Record length . . . : 0
Block size  . . . . : 32760
1st extent cylinders: 1
Secondary cylinders : 5
Data set name type  : LIBRARY

Before you start building ICU, ICU requires the following:

• QSHELL interpreter installed (install base option 30, operating system)
• ILE C/C++ Compiler installed on the system
• The latest IBM tools for Developers for IBM i — https://www-356.ibm.com/partnerworld/wps/servlet/ContentHandler/pw_com_porting_tools_index

The following describes how to setup and build ICU. For background information, you should look at the UNIX build instructions.

1. Copy the ICU source .tgz to the IBM i environment, as binary. Also, copy the unpax-icu.sh script into the same directory, as a text file.
2. Create target library. This library will be the target for the resulting modules, programs and service programs. You will specify this library on the OUTPUTDIR environment variable.

   CRTLIB LIB(_libraryname_)
   ADDENVVAR ENVVAR(OUTPUTDIR) VALUE('_libraryname_') REPLACE(*YES)
   

3. Set up the following environment variables and job characteristics in your build process

   ADDENVVAR ENVVAR(MAKE) VALUE('gmake') REPLACE(*YES)
   CHGJOB CCSID(37)
   

4. Fire up the QSH (all subsequent commands are run inside the qsh session.)
5. Set up the PATH:

   export PATH=/QIBM/ProdData/DeveloperTools/qsh/bin:$PATH:/QOpenSys/usr/bin
   

6. Unpack the ICU source code archive:
7. Run unpax-icu.sh on the tar file generated from the previous step.
8. Build the program ICULD which ICU will use for linkage.

   cd icu/as_is/os400
   qsh bldiculd.sh
   cd ../../..
   

9. Change into the ‘source’ directory, and configure ICU. (See configuration note for details). Note that –with-data-packaging=archive and setting the –prefix are recommended, building in default (dll) mode is currently not supported.

   cd icu/source
   ./runConfigureICU IBMi --prefix=_/path/to/somewhere_ --with-data-packaging=archive
   

10. Build ICU.

    Note: Do not use the -j option

11. Test ICU.

    (The QIBM_MULTI_THREADED=Y flag will be automatically applied to intltest - you can look at the iSeries Information Center for more details regarding the running of multiple threads on IBM i.)

This section will explain how to build ICU on one platform, but to produce binaries intended to run on another. This is commonly known as a cross compile.

Normally, in the course of a build, ICU needs to run the tools that it builds in order to generate and package data and test-data. In a cross compilation setting, ICU is built on a different system from that which it eventually runs on. An example might be, if you are building for a small/headless system (such as an embedded device), or a system where you can’t easily run the ICU command line tools (any non-UNIX-like system).

To reduce confusion, we will here refer to the “A” and the “B” system. System “A” is the actual system we will be running on - the only requirements on it is are it is able to build ICU from the command line targeting itself (with configure or runConfigureICU), and secondly, that it also contain the correct toolchain for compiling and linking for the resultant platform, referred to as the “B” system.

The autoconf docs use the term “build” for A, and “host” for B. More details at: http://www.gnu.org/software/autoconf/manual/html_node/Specifying-Names.html

Three initially-empty directories will be used in this example:

1. Check out or unpack the ICU source code into the /icu directory.You will have the directories /icu/source, etc.
2. Build ICU in /buildA normally (using runConfigureICU or configure):

   cd /buildA
   sh /icu/source/runConfigureICU macOS
   gnumake
   

3. Set PATH or other variables as needed, such as CPPFLAGS.
4. Build ICU in /buildB

   cd /buildB
   sh /icu/source/configure --host=i586-pc-haiku--with-cross-build=/buildA
   gnumake
   

   Note: --with-cross-build takes an absolute path.

5. Tests and testdata can be built with gnumake tests.

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