It is attempted to formulate the properties of localized states on the basis of natural invariance requirements. Chief of these is that a state, localized at a certain point, becomes, after a translation, orthogonal to all the undisplaced states localized at that point. It is found that the required properties uniquely define the set of localized states for elementary systems of non-zero mass and arbitrary spin. The localized functions belong to a continuous spectrum of an operator which it is natural to call the position operator. This operator has automatically the property of preserving the positive energy character of the wave function to which it is applied (and it should be applied only to such wave functions). It is believed that the development here presented may have applications in the theory of elementary particles and of the collision matrix.
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