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UsefulNotes / Hillary Clinton

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Hillary Clinton

Hillary Diane Rodham Clinton (born October 26, 1947) is an American politician who spent eight years as a U.S. senator from New York, ran for president twice, and worked in the administration of the first guy who beat her — Barack Obama — as Secretary of State, a role in which she visited 112 countries in four years and which has seen her widely regarded by many as one of the best modern Secretaries of State ever to hold the position. For eight years she was the first lady of the United States, being without question the most politically active first lady in American history, handily beating out even Eleanor Roosevelt.

A graduate of Wellesley College and Yale Law School, Clinton spent years working as a lawyer, specializing in child services and welfare. She met Bill Clinton when both were students at Yale Law School and married him in 1975. By the time her husband ran for governor of Arkansas, she was already well known as a lawyer and politician in her own right and had come to national attention as the first student ever to give the commencement address at well-respected Wellesley College, her alma mater, and as the first-ever female partner at Arkansas' prestigious Rose Law Firm. She actually made more money than Bill until he became president.

She was a highly controversial first lady, making health care reform her pet project and attracting attention for her hands-on approach. The moniker "Billary" and the "two-for-one" jokes may have been funny, but they also held more than a grain of truth, and the contrast was even more marked after the distinctly hands-off, stay-at-home policies of then-recent first ladies such as Barbara Bush and Nancy Reagan.

Her tenure as first lady, however, was only the beginning for Clinton. She became the first first lady to hold elected office when she took her oath as a U.S. senator (D-NY) in early 2001, just months before the devastating attacks on the World Trade Center. Obviously, as New York's junior senator, in the immediate aftermath of 9/11 she was instrumental in shaping America's response to the attacks. Later on during her time in the Senate she campaigned further for health care as well as speaking up for rural areas such as upstate New York and the areas around Albany and Syracuse.

She won re-election by a significant margin in 2006. The following year, she announced she would seek the Democratic presidential nomination. Up against Barack Obama in the primaries, she won over 18 million votes and was the first serious female candidate for the president in history. Obama won the closely fought primary, with Clinton running until the final states. She fought the campaign out right up to the Democratic National Convention, but spoke in favor of her former rival as its keynote speaker on its second night. Since Defeat Means Friendship, she joined Obama's cabinet as Secretary of Statenote after initially refusing the post, in fact — Obama told her rather bluntly that he quite desperately needed her talents in the position, which helped build trust between them, and she became the first spouse of a former president to serve in the Cabinet, and the third woman to head of the State Departmentnote after Madeleine Albright and Condoleezza Rice, and used her many foreign contacts from her days as first lady to assist in restoring America's image around the globe.

She chose not to remain in the post for Obama's second term, passing that baton to Sen. John Kerry. Though she refused to say 'yes' to whether or not she would run again in 2016, she also, quite notably, refused to say 'no'. She also hinted that she might write another book, which was later confirmed; a second memoir called Hard Choices, covering her time as Secretary of State was released in June of 2014. In April 2015, the speculation was confirmed when she finally announced her candidacy for president in the 2016 election. On July 26, 2016, she became the Democratic Party's nominee for president, adding yet another 'first' to her very long list as she became the first woman to be nominated by a major party for president of the United States.

On November 8, 2016, despite winning the popular vote, she lost the Electoral College vote and thus the presidency to Donald Trump.

Although several different biographies of her have been written, she has also written her own autobiographies, Living History (2003), Hard Choices (2014), and What Happened (2017), her personal account of the 2016 presidential election. She's also dabbled in fiction writing, collaborating with Canadian author Louise Penny for the political mystery-thriller State of Terror in 2021.

Hillary Clinton in fiction

Alternative Title(s): Hillary Rodham Clinton


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